“…In general, a focused extracorporeal shock wave (fESW) is generated electrohydraulically, electromagnetically, or piezoelectrically, followed by converging it into a focal tissue zone (29). As an acoustic wave, fESW is characterized by its high pressure of more than 1,000 bar (100 MPa), an extremely short rise time (<10 ns), a short duration (<10 ms), and a broad frequency spectrum (16-20 MHz) (30)(31)(32). Unlike fESW, radial extracorporeal shock wave (rESW) does not possess the shock wave characteristics of a short rise time, a high peak pressure, and non-linearity.…”