Silicon-stabilized grey tin

Gallerneault, W.M.; Vnuk, F.; Smith, Richard W.

doi:10.1063/1.332557

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example small amounts (0.6 wt%) of Si raise the αto β-transformation point to 90 °C. 25 Fyhn et al reported, that small (13-21 nm) and stable precipitates of α-Sn with a melting point of 200 °C were formed in a silicon matrix. 19 One explanation for the stability of the α-phase in electrodes composed of Sn nanoparticles could be the stabilization by lithium impurities.…”

Section: Quantitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical size for the β- to α-transformation in tin nanoparticles after lithium insertion and extraction

et al. 2015

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Section: Quantitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical size for the β- to α-transformation in tin nanoparticles after lithium insertion and extraction

et al. 2015

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“…In particular, the transformation temperature between α -Sn and β -Sn can be increased with the incorporation of impurity. For instance, a very low concentration (~0.6 wt%) of Si in Sn shifts the transformation temperature from ~13 to ~90 °C 3 . A major difference between the two phases of Sn is also observed in the electronic structure as the metallic behavior of tetragonal tin becomes semi-metallic when it transforms to α -Sn (a zero-bandgap semi-metal) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent stability of ultra-small α-/β-phase tin nanocrystals synthesized by microplasma

et al. 2019

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Nanocrystals sometimes adopt unusual crystal structure configurations in order to maintain structural stability with increasingly large surface-to-volume ratios. The understanding of these transformations is of great scientific interest and represents an opportunity to achieve beneficial materials properties resulting from different crystal arrangements. Here, the phase transformation from α to β phases of tin (Sn) nanocrystals is investigated in nanocrystals with diameters ranging from 6.1 to 1.6 nm. Ultra-small Sn nanocrystals are achieved through our highly non-equilibrium plasma process operated at atmospheric pressures. Larger nanocrystals adopt the β-Sn tetragonal structure, while smaller nanocrystals show stability with the α-Sn diamond cubic structure. Synthesis at other conditions produce nanocrystals with mean diameters within the range 2–3 nm, which exhibit mixed phases. This work represents an important contribution to understand structural stability at the nanoscale and the possibility of achieving phases of relevance for many applications.

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“…α-Sn containing 0.75 wt.% Ge or 0.6 wt.% Si were observed to be stable at 60°C or 90°C, respectively. 15,16 Impurities could also affect the β→α-Sn transition at low temperatures [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] , but previous studies on the effect of Ge gave inconsistent observations. One work showed that Ge could act as secondary nuclei for α-Sn and help the preparation of compact α-Sn specimens from β-Sn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversed Phase Transformation of β→α-Sn at Elevated Temperatures towards Quantum Material Integration on Silicon

Covian

Liu

Gardener

et al. 2021

Preprint

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α-Sn and SnGe alloys have recently attracted much attention as a new family of topological quantum materials. However, bulk α-Sn is thermodynamically stable only at <13°C. Moreover, scalable integration of α-Sn quantum materials/devices on Si has been hindered by a large lattice mismatch. To address these challenges, we demonstrate compressively strained α-Sn doped with 2-4 at.% Ge on a native oxide layer on Si, grown at 300-500°C through a reversed β-to-α-Sn phase transformation without relying on epitaxy. The size of α-Sn microdots reaches up to 200 nm, ~10x larger than the upper size limit for α-Sn formation reported before. Furthermore, the compressive strain makes it one of the few candidates for 3D topological Dirac semimetals with interesting applications in spintronics. We find that Ge-rich GeSn nanoclusters in the as-deposited materials seeded the reversed β-to-α-Sn transition at elevated temperatures. This process can be further optimized for SnGe quantum material and device integration on Si.

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Silicon-stabilized grey tin

Abstract: Melt-spun Sn–Si alloy tapes were transformed to the grey modification at −30 °C to give compact specimens. On subsequent heating, the grey tin phase was seen to be stable to elevated temperatures, e.g., 90 °C for the Sn–0.6 wt % S alloy.

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Critical size for the β- to α-transformation in tin nanoparticles after lithium insertion and extraction

Critical size for the β- to α-transformation in tin nanoparticles after lithium insertion and extraction

Size-dependent stability of ultra-small α-/β-phase tin nanocrystals synthesized by microplasma

Reversed Phase Transformation of β→α-Sn at Elevated Temperatures towards Quantum Material Integration on Silicon

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