Simultaneous Determination of Ranitidine and Metronidazole at Poly(thionine) Modified Anodized Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

:A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous and quantitative detection of ranitidine (RT) and metronidazole (MT) was developed, based on a poly(thionine)-modified anodized glassy carbon electrode (PTH/GCE). The modified electrode showed the excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of both RT and MT in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The peak-to-peak separations (∆E p ) for the simultaneous detection of RT and MT between the two reduction waves in CV and DPV were increased significantly from ca. 100 mV at anodized GCE, to ca. 550 mV at the PTH/GCE. The reduction peak currents of RT and MT were linear over the range from 35 to 500 µM in the presence of 200 and 150 µM of RT and MT, respectively. The sensor showed the sensitivity of 0.58 and 0.78 µA/cm 2 /µM with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 1.5 and 0.96 µM, respectively for RT and MT.

Insight into lanthanides REVO4 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd): a comparative study on RE-site variants in the electrochemical detection of metronidazole in environmental samples

“…A comparison of LOD and linear range using various modified electrodes to detect different MNZ concentration ranges is given in Table S1. † [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] For comparison, Fig. S3a-d † display the corresponding DPV measurement responses for PrVO 4 and NdVO 4 .…”

Sensitive and Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol in Water Using an Anodized Glassy Carbon Electrode with Polymerized 2-(Phenylazo) Chromotropic Acid

“…In this study, we presented a sensitive and simple method for simultaneous determination of HQ and CT based on the electropolymerization of CH, whose chemical structure is shown in Figure 1. CH is one of the azo dyes containing two OH and SO 3 H functional groups [27,28], which make it a good electron donor for efficiently catalyzing the redox reactions of target molecules [4]. During the experiment, several experimental factors were optimized, such as the number of CVs sweeping for the polymerization and pH to obtain high selectivity and sensitivity [9].…”

Electrochemical DNA Hybridization Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

“…CPs also exhibit very high flexibility, which can be modulated together with their electrical properties by using appropriate chemical modeling and synthesis [ 40 – 42 ]. These distinctive properties of CPs have broadened their application in various technological fields, such as in the design of light-emitting diodes [ 43 ], anti-static coating [ 44 ], electrochromic devices [ 45 ], solar cells [ 46 ], anti-corrosion coatings [ 47 ], chemical sensors and biosensors [ 48 ], and drug-release systems [ 49 , 50 ]. To date, diverse CPs have been developed and used in sensing applications, such as poly(acetylene), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), poly(terthiophene), polyaniline (PANI), poly(fluorine), poly(3-alkylthiophene), poly(tetrathiafulvalene), poly(naphthalene), poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(para-phenylene vinylene), and poly(thionine) (PTH); these CPs are reviewed elsewhere [ 51 ].…”