Simultaneous enantioselective determination of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in edible vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography and ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A novel, sensitive, and efficient enantioselective method for the determination of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in edible vegetable oil, was developed by gel permeation chromatography and ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. After the vegetable oil samples were prepared using gel permeation chromatography, the eluent was collected, evaporated, and dried with nitrogen gas. The residue was redissolved by adding methanol up to a final volume of 1 mL. The analytes of six enantiomers were analyzed on Chiralpak IA-3 column (150 × 4.6 mm) using compressed liquid CO2-mixed 14 % co-solvents, comprising methanol/acetonitrile/isopropanol = 20/20/60 (v/v/v) in the mobile phase at 30 °C, and the total separation time was less than 4 min at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. Quantification was achieved using matrix-matched standard calibration curves. The overall mean recoveries for six enantiomers from vegetable oil were 90.1-97.3 %, with relative standard deviations of 0.8-5.4 % intra-day and 2.3-5.0 % inter-day at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg levels. The limits of quantification were 0.5 μg/kg for all enantiomers based on five replicate extractions at the lowest fortified level in vegetable oil. Moreover, the absolute configuration of six enantiomers had been determined based on comparisons of the vibrational circular dichroism experimental spectra with the theoretical curve obtained by density functional theory calculations. Application of the proposed method to the 40 authentic vegetable oil samples from local markets suggests its potential use in enantioselective determination of triadimefon and triadimenol enantiomers. Graphical Abstract Chemical structures and UPC(2)-MS/MS separation chromatograms of triadimefon and triadimenol.

A colloidal gold immunochromatography test strip based on a monoclonal antibody for the rapid detection of triadimefon and triadimenol in foods

“…Currently, there are several methods for the analysis and identification of TDF and TDN, such as gas chromatography (GC; Morais, Rodrigues, Queiroz, Neves, & Morais, 2014), supercritical fluid chromatography (Mai et al, 2019), gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (D. Li, He, Chen, & Hu, 2019), GC-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS; Hou, Han, Dai, Yang, & Yi, 2013), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Kadivar & Aliakbar, 2019), HPLC-MS/MS; (J. Li et al, 2017;Yao et al, 2015), and liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS); (Liang et al, 2012). These methods are accurate and allow the simultaneous detection of multiple compounds; however, they require expensive equipment and trained professionals.…”

Transfer and Metabolism of Triadimefon Residues from Rape Flowers to Apicultural Products

“…Carbendazim is a benzimidazole fungicide, while triadimefon is a chloroarene fungicide used in agriculture to control various fungal diseases. It is particularly worth mentioning that triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol have been simultaneously detected in edible vegetable oil by our former research [ 21 ]. Previous studies have shown that triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol exhibit clear teratogenic effects and are harmful to the mammalian central nervous system [ 23 ].…”

Degradation of triadimefon and residue levels of metabolite triadimenol: tracing rapeseed from harvesting and storage to household oil processing

“…42,43 According to our previous research, the degradation half-lives of triadimefon transferred from rape plants to apicultural products such as pollen, honey and royal jelly were about 0.7, 12.5, and 19.5 days respectively. 8 The fact that only metabolite triadimenol was detected in rapeseed samples might therefore be related to the interval between spraying time and harvest time.…”

“…7 As a common chloroarene fungicide, triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol have been simultaneously detected in edible vegetable oil. 8 According to the report, triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol exhibit clear teratogenic effects, and are hazardous to the mammalian central nervous system. 9 Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/627 of 3 April 2017 has amended Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding maximum residue levels for triadimenol and triadimefon in oilseeds and oil fruits, such as rapeseeds.…”