Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate enhance bone mineralization

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HY), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and HY-functionalized SWCNTs (HY-SWCNTs) on the behavior of primary osteoblasts, as well as to investigate the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with these biocomposites. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvarial bones of male newborn Wistar rats (5 rats for each cell extraction). We assessed cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and by double-staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst. We also assessed the formation of mineralized bone nodules by von Kossa staining, the mRNA expression of bone repair proteins, and the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with HY, SWCNTs, or HY-SWCNTs. The results showed that treatment with these biocomposites did not alter the viability of primary osteoblasts. Furthermore, deposition of mineralized bone nodules was significantly increased by cells treated with HY and HY-SWCNTs. This can be partly explained by an increase in the mRNA expression of type I and III collagen, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4. Additionally, the titanium surface treated with HY-SWCNTs showed a significant increase in the deposition of inorganic crystals. Thus, our data indicate that HY, SWCNTs, and HY-SWCNTs are potentially useful for the development of new strategies for bone tissue engineering.

Enhancement of Bone Healing by Local Administration of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Sodium Hyaluronate in Rat Tibiae

“…Here, it was observed that HY, MWCNTs, and HY-MWCNTs increased the expression of BMP-2, thereby suggesting an acceleration of tibia bone repair. Our data corroborate the results found by Sá et al [2016]. Both studies reported a pronounced increase in BMP-2 expression induced by CNTs alone, evidencing an important role of this material in the mineralization process.…”

Carbon nanotube-reinforced cell-derived matrix-silk fibroin hierarchical scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications

“…This observation contradicts the predominant trend on CNT effects on collagen production described in the literature since multiple studies have found that CNT positively impacts collagen production. (39,40) Considering this observation, further analysis will be necessary to comprehend this result better.…”

Promotion of osteoblastic Ca2+ accumulation by Eucommia leaf extract

“…After the incubation, isopropanol/0.04 N HCl was added to MTTtreated cells, and the cells were agitated to promote elution of formazan. Then, the supernatants were quantified by measuring the absorbance at 550 nm in a SpectraMax M5 e microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Minneapolis, MN, USA) [6].…”

“…The stained cells were observed on an inverted microscope and photographed to capture the area of mineralization, which was indicated by black staining. Ten images per culture dish well were randomly acquired, and then the mineralized area was quantified by using Image J software [6].…”