Sintering of core–shell Ag/glass nanoparticles: metal percolation at the glass transition temperature yields metal/glass/ceramic composites

Rotzetter, Aline C. C.; Luechinger, Norman A.; Athanassiou, Evagelos K.; Mohn, Dirk; Koehler, Fabian M.; Grass, Robert N.

doi:10.1039/c0jm01553a

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The conductivity increases by 6 orders of magnitude when the temperature increased from 500 to 1000 °C, as also evidenced in our earlier study on the synthesis of carbon nano-onions from pristine collagen waste . The highest conductivity value of 2.2 × 10 –1 S m –1 was obtained for the core–shell Cr–carbon material derived from heating chrome shaving waste at 1000 °C for 8 h. This is comparable to the bulk conductivity values reported for pristine graphene powder or sheets. , However, these values are much lower than that of pristine graphite or core–shell materials containing conducting polymers or metals or carbon nanotubes reported earlier. , The magnetic property of the as-synthesized core–shell Cr–carbon material derived by the heat treatment of chrome shaving waste at 1000 °C for 8 h was analyzed using a VSM at room temperature (Figure b). The starting material (chrome shaving waste) has a paramagnetic behavior due to the presence of chromium(III) species bound with collagen (Figure S4, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Conversion of Industrial Bio-Waste into Useful Nanomaterials

Ashokkumar

Narayanan

Gupta

et al. 2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Chromium-complexed collagen is generated as waste during processing of skin into leather. Here, we report a simple heat treatment process to convert this hazardous industrial waste into core−shell chromium−carbon nanomaterials having a chromium-based nanoparticle core encapsulated by partially graphitized nanocarbon layers that are self-doped with oxygen and nitrogen functionalities. We demonstrate that these core−shell nanomaterials can be potentially utilized in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding application or as a catalyst in aza-Michael addition reaction. The results show the ability to convert industrial bio-waste into useful nanomaterials, suggesting new scalable and simple approaches to improve environmental sustainability in industrial processes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Conversion of Industrial Bio-Waste into Useful Nanomaterials

Ashokkumar

Narayanan

Gupta

et al. 2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Composites containing an insulating and a conducting phase can exhibit a wide range in properties due to the various interactions that can take place in these types of composites . The distribution of the phases in these composites also has a strong influence on the properties . A way to classify these types of composites is by the way the filler is distributed inside the composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percolated conductive glass composites have not seen much use in bulk electrical applications. The majority of these glass electronic applications involve thick film resistors and much of the literature of other types of percolated glass composites with high conductivities typically contain carbon nanotubes or silver particles . For many electrical applications, however, glass is often just a substrate for depositing conductive coatings such as ITO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percolation in Borosilicate Glass Matrix Composites Containing Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Segregated Networks. Part I: Fabrication of Segregated Networks

Pruyn

Gerhardt

2013

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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The percolation threshold in a composite depends on the processing conditions used to fabricate it along with the size and shape of the filler and the matrix. In this study, borosilicate glass microspheres were used as the matrix material, and nanosized antimony tin oxide (ATO) particles were used as the filler. The glass microsphere/ATO composites were fabricated by hot pressing at temperatures in the range between the glass transition temperature and the softening temperature of the glass to control the viscosity. The pressure and temperature applied allowed the ATO to be confined to the spaces between certain glass particles, forming percolating networks at low volume fractions of the ATO. The viscous flow of the glass allowed for the composite to have near full densities, while allowing for the nanoparticle segregation to occur. Even though apparently similar microstructures were made using different heating schedules, the percolation behavior and electrical conductivity showed noticeable differences. The percolation threshold ranged from 0.1 to 2.5 phr (parts per hundred glass) and the change in electrical conductivity was around seven to nine orders of magnitude. The differences were attributed to the interaction of the segregated ATO particles with one another. The electrical properties were examined using ac impedance spectroscopy along with current atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), which allowed for valuable insights in the structure-property-processing relationships in these materials.

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“…Thus, new synthesis routes, as well as doping, are two promising approaches for the design of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors. Insulated matrix with percolating conductive fillers have been deeply investigated because of the electromechanical interactions between the various phases [7]. Usually, conductor–insulator composites consist of glass, ceramics, or polymer as the insulating phase and of metal, carbon or polymers, as the conducting one [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulated matrix with percolating conductive fillers have been deeply investigated because of the electromechanical interactions between the various phases [7]. Usually, conductor–insulator composites consist of glass, ceramics, or polymer as the insulating phase and of metal, carbon or polymers, as the conducting one [7,8]. In glasses or ceramics as sensing materials, the variation of their electrical properties, such as impedance or capacitance, is exploited for gas detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New ZnO-Based Glass Ceramic Sensor for H2 and NO2 Detection

Hassan¹,

Afify

Ataalla

et al. 2017

Sensors

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In this study, a glass ceramic with a nominal composition 58ZnO:4Bi2O3:4WO3:33.3B2O3 was synthesized by melt quenching technique. A gas sensor was then manufactured using a ZnO sol-gel phase as a permanent binder of the glass–ceramic to an alumina substrate having interdigitated electrodes. The film sensitivity towards humidity, NH3, H2 and NO2 was studied at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to characterize the prepared material. Though the response in the sub-ppm NO2 concentration range was not explored, the observed results are comparable with the latest found in the literature.

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Sintering of core–shell Ag/glass nanoparticles: metal percolation at the glass transition temperature yields metal/glass/ceramic composites

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Conversion of Industrial Bio-Waste into Useful Nanomaterials

Conversion of Industrial Bio-Waste into Useful Nanomaterials

Percolation in Borosilicate Glass Matrix Composites Containing Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Segregated Networks. Part I: Fabrication of Segregated Networks

New ZnO-Based Glass Ceramic Sensor for H2 and NO2 Detection

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