Size-resolved measurements of PM2.5 water-soluble elements in Iasi, north-eastern Romania: Seasonality, source apportionment and potential implications for human health

Galon-Negru, Alina Giorgiana; Olariu, Romeo Iulian; Arsene, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133839

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The total cancer risks (TCRs) of the selected toxic elements during the study period for children and adults were 4.94 × 10 −5 and 8.47 × 10 −5 , respectively. These levels significantly exceeded the US EPA limit of 1.00 × 10 −6 , which conforms to the results of previous risk evaluations of major cities in China ( Li et al, 2020b ), Iasi in Romania ( Galon-Negru et al, 2019 ), Chennai in India ( Peter et al, 2018 ), and Nicosia in Cyprus ( Iakovides et al, 2021 ). The TCR for adults was 1.7 times that for children during the different periods, suggesting that adults were a high cancer-risk group.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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Levels of toxic elements in ambient PM 2.5 were measured from 29 October 2019 to 30 March 2020 in Linfen, China, to assess the health risks they posed and to identify critical risk sources during different periods of the COVID-19 lockdown and haze episodes using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a health-risk assessment model. The mean PM 2.5 concentration during the study period was 145 μg/m 3 , and the 10 investigated toxic elements accounted for 0.31% of the PM 2.5 mass. The total non-cancer risk (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) of the selected toxic elements exceed the US EPA limits for children and adults. The HI for children was 2.3 times that for adults for all periods, which is likely due to the high inhalation rate per unit body weight for children. While the TCR for adults was 1.7 times that of children, which is mainly attributed to potential longer exposure duration for adults. The HI and TCR of the toxic elements during full lockdown were reduced by 66% and 58%, respectively, compared to their pre-lockdown levels. The HI and TCR were primarily attributable to Mn and As, respectively. Health risks during haze episodes were significantly higher than the average levels during COVID-19 lockdowns, though the HI and TCR of the selected toxic elements during full-lockdown haze episodes were 68% and 17% lower, respectively, than were the levels during pre-lockdown haze episodes. During the study period, fugitive dust and steel-related smelting were the highest contributors to HI and TCR, respectively, and decreased in these emission sources contributed the most to the lower health risks observed during the full lockdown. There, the control of these sources is critical to effectively reduce public health risks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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“…As compounds that are the most mobile in the natural environment and bioavailable to living organisms, i.e., those that are easily soluble in water will pose the greatest potential threat. A wide range of concentrations of PM-bound water-soluble As have been reported [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Generally, it was found that As in fine PM binds mainly in water-soluble compounds [10,11].…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, it was found that As in fine PM binds mainly in water-soluble compounds [10,11]. The mass percentage of water-soluble As in total fine PM-bound As (industrial and municipal origin) ranged from a few percent to over 90% [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soluble Inorganic Arsenic Species in Atmospheric Submicron Particles in Two Polish Urban Background Sites

et al. 2020

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This paper presents results of the research on soluble inorganic As(III) and As(V) bound to submicron atmospheric particles (PM1) in two Polish urban background sites (Zabrze and Warsaw). The purpose of the research was to give some insight on the susceptibility to leaching of PM1-bound arsenic species from easily water-soluble compounds, i.e., considered potentially bioavailable based on its daily and seasonal changes. Quantitative analysis for 120 PM1 samples (collected from 24 June 2014 to 8 March 2015) was performed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean seasonal concentrations of dominant soluble As specie—As(V)—ranged from 0.27 ng/m3 in the summer season in Warsaw to 2.41 ng/m3 in the winter season in Zabrze. Its mean mass shares in total As were 44% in Warsaw and 75% in Zabrze in the winter and 18% and 48%, respectively, in the summer. Obtained results indicated fossil fuel combustion as the main source of PM1-bound As(V) and road traffic emission as its minor sources. In opposite to As(V), soluble As(III) was not clearly seasonally variable. In both seasons, its mean concentrations were higher in Zabrze than in Warsaw. As(III) concentrations were not preferentially shaped by an exact emission from road traffic in both cities.

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“…Measurements of PM 2.5 components in several countries have shown that the concentrations of total water-soluble components such as sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium ion are the highest and that their proportions display slight seasonal changes. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Water-soluble components of the fine particulates in the atmosphere have been reported to cause adverse biological effects such as mast cell degranulation, 13) cytotoxicity and cell proliferation, 14,15) biotoxicity, 16) serum metabolite profile, 17) and genotoxicty. 18) However, the relationship between water-soluble particulates and their biological effects is not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic Effects of Water-Soluble Extracts of Coarse and Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Mast Cell Lines

Kataoka

Tanaka

Tazuya-Murayama

et al. 2021

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution causes serious health disorders, because PM 2.5 becomes deposited in the tracheobronchial and alveoli regions. In the extrathoracic region, there are more deposits of coarse particulate matter than fine particulates. As adverse health issues caused by coarse particulates have not been well investigated, this study examined the cytotoxicity of water-soluble extracts of both fine (0.05-3 µm, PM 0.05-3 ) and coarse (> 3 µm, PM >3 ) particulates collected from April 2016 to March 2019 in Fukuoka, Japan. Also evaluated were concentrations of NH 4 and SO 4 2 , multi-components of well-known secondary generation substances. The findings revealed that PM >3 showed stronger cytotoxic effects on mast cell lines than PM 0.05-3 . Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations of over 15 mM of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and over 30 mM of NH 4 Cl. In contrast, Na 2 SO 4 caused few cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 50 mM. The causative substances for this cytotoxicity may not have been NH 4 and SO 4 2 because their PM >3 concentrations indicating the largest cytotoxic effects were 1 and 0.4 mM, respectively. The cytotoxicities of PM >3 and PM 0.05-3 were the highest in the first half of FY2016. These cytotoxicities seem to be due to cross-border pollution, although this pollution has been declining in recent years. An increasing trend of cytotoxicity was observed in the second half of FY2018. This study showed that cytotoxicity and particulate concentrations are not always correlated. Thus, we should focus not only on the quantity of atmospheric particulate matter, but also on its quality.

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Size-resolved measurements of PM2.5 water-soluble elements in Iasi, north-eastern Romania: Seasonality, source apportionment and potential implications for human health

Cited by 49 publications

References 110 publications

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Soluble Inorganic Arsenic Species in Atmospheric Submicron Particles in Two Polish Urban Background Sites

Cytotoxic Effects of Water-Soluble Extracts of Coarse and Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Mast Cell Lines

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