Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering for the Study of Nanostructures and Nanostructured Materials

On the Colloidal Stability of PbS Quantum Dots Capped with Methylammonium Lead Iodide Ligands

“…The presence of a clear minimum at q ∼ 2.87 nm –1 is indicative of low polydisperse particles with an average radius R = 4.49/2.87 = 1.56 nm. 32 A more quantitative analysis by modeling of the SAXS intensity using the scattering function for an ensemble of spherical objects was performed. In this case, an average radius of 1.65 nm with Gaussian size polydispersity of width 0.25 nm was obtained and the used model excellently describes the experimental curve ( Figure 1 C).…”

Determination of the electronic and structural configuration of coordination compounds by synchrotron-radiation techniques

“…The nature of structural information achievable from XRS characterization and the details of data analysis/modelling are directly related to the specific sample features and experimental conditions. In particular, depending on the probed q-range (defined by the sampled 2 angular interval and by the used ), the WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering, sometimes referred to also as Large Angle X-ray Scattering, LAXS, or as X-ray solution scattering, XSS, when performed on solution phase systems) [159,477] and SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering) [480][481][482] techniques can be distinguished. WAXS covers an extended angular range, equivalent to that probed in XRD studies, yielding information on interatomic/intramolecular correlations.…”

“…WAXS covers an extended angular range, equivalent to that probed in XRD studies, yielding information on interatomic/intramolecular correlations. Conversely, SAXS collection is typically limited to the 0.5 -50 mrad angular range (locating the detector at some meters from the sample and using an incident X-ray wavelength of ~ 1 Å) [482], hence providing information on inter-molecular correlations and inhomogeneities occurring on the nm-scale. The WAXS technique is foremost applied in polymer science, for instance to identify ordered and disordered structures and to determine degree of crystallinity and size of crystallites [470,[483][484][485][486].…”

“…Nevertheless, few recent examples can be found [489][490][491][492][493], often combined with EXAFS analysis. In the SAXS region, the X-ray scattering signal is sensitive to shape and dimensions of macromolecules, typically between 1 and 100 nm in size [482] and to characteristic distances up to 150 nm [480] periodically repeating in partially ordered systems. These length-scales correspond for instance to the typical dimensions of biological macromolecules [494][495][496][497][498][499], of metallic nanoclusters [500][501][502][503][504][505][506] and of nanodomains in which synthetic polymeric chains self-organize [484,486].…”

Formation and growth of palladium nanoparticles inside porous poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) monitored by operando techniques: The role of different reducing agents

“…(1) in which the term A + B/q 4 describes the Porod function [45], simulating the polymer contribution; D(r) corresponds to the Weibull function, accounting for the particle size distribution, defined as D(r) = (r/R) −1 exp(-r/R) b , in which R is the average radius of the particles; and j(qR) is the first order Bessel function, accounting for spherical shape of the metal clusters.…”