Small-scale biomass gasification systems for power generation (&lt;200 kW class): A review

Situmorang, Yohanes Andre; Zhao, Zhongkai; Yoshida, Akihiro; Abudula, Abuliti; Guan, Guoqing

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109486

Cited by 288 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Besides the classical combustion process, which is mostly suitable for wooden residues [1], several types of thermochemical and biological processes are considered attractive for producing energy and biofuels. Thermochemical processes are based on gasification [2] or pyrolysis [3] of biomass to obtain energy and biofuels [4,5]. Biological processes are based on bacterial, or in some cases, algal fermentation to obtain ethanol from sugary biomass [6] or biogas from water-rich organic material [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

et al. 2020

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Biogas is a fuel obtained from organic waste fermentation and can be an interesting solution for producing electric energy, heat and fuel. Recently, many European countries have incentivized the production of biomethane to be injected into natural gas grids or compressed and used as biofuel in vehicles. The introduction of an upgrading unit into an existing anaerobic digestion plant to convert biogas to biomethane may have a strong impact on the overall energy balance of the systems. The amount of biomethane produced may be optimized from several points of view (i.e., energy, environmental and economic). In this paper, the mass and energy fluxes of an anaerobic digestion plant were analyzed as a function of the biogas percentage sent to the upgrading system and the amount of biomethane produced. A numerical model of an anaerobic digestion plant was developed by considering an existing case study. The mass and energy balance of the digesters, cogeneration unit, upgrading system and auxiliary boiler were estimated when the amount of produced biomethane was varied. An internal combustion engine was adopted as the cogeneration unit and a CO 2 absorption system was assumed for biogas upgrading. Results demonstrated that the energy balance of the plant is strictly dependent on the biomethane production and that an excess of biomethane production makes the plant totally dependent on external energy sources. As for the environmental impact, an optimal level of biomethane production exists that minimizes the emissions of equivalent CO 2 . However, high biomethane subsides can encourage plant managers to increase biomethane production and thus reduce CO 2 savings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

et al. 2020

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“…It should be added that the gasification efficiency depends on the size and capacity of the gas generator. Increased gas generator volume favors increased efficiency of the process [36]. A significant parameter of the conducted process of thermochemical biomass conversion is its efficiency (Figure 8).…”

Section: The Mass and Energy Balance During Cup Plant Biomass Gasificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be added that the gasification efficiency depends on the size and capacity of the gas generator. Increased gas generator volume favors increased efficiency of the process [36]. A relatively low efficiency of only 5.5-6.6% can be increased by energetic usage of the biochar produced in the process.…”

Section: The Mass and Energy Balance During Cup Plant Biomass Gasificmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

et al. 2020

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Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

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“…The different types of gasification processes are classified according to the type of reactor used, namely fluidized bed gasifiers and fixed bed gasifiers. After analyzing the different reactors, it was decided that the one that best suits the industries in the olive grove is the downdraft fixed-bed gasifier, since it is used for smaller units with powers equal to or less than 1 MW [9]. In these gasifiers, the gasifying agent is inserted above the reduction zone, flowing downwards and producing gasification in the lower part of the reactor and, therefore, the output of the gas produced through an ash bed at high temperatures [10]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Olive Pomace Gasification to Obtain Electrical Energy in a Downdraft Gasifier

Maroto

Herrera

Vilar

2020

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Olive pomace is the main by-product generated by the olive oil mills, representing 80% of total fruit weight, which has high water content (60-70%). Reducing its moisture to 10-15%, the dry olive pomace (DOP) is obtained, which is a very interesting biofuel with a high calorific value (~4,100 kcal/kg). Annually, large quantities of this product are produced, nevertheless only part of it is used for self-consumption through electrical and thermal energy generation, by combustion. Olive oil mills are industries with high electrical energy consumption. The present study aims to give added value to this material, in order to supply electrical energy to the industries for self-consumption. The pelletized DOP (PDOP) has been subject to a gasification process using a downdraft fixed-bed gasifier in a pilot plant. The gas produced-syngas-has been cleaned through different filtering stages. Subsequently, it is introduced into a genset in order to generate electrical and thermal energy. The generated syngas has very promising characteristics, such as an upper calorific value (HHV) of 1,337.11 kcal/Nm 3 and a high content of nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2), 47.29% and 19.54%, respectively. With this syngas, an average instantaneous power of 10 kW has been generated for 6 hours. The outcomes show the potential of using DOP as raw materials in the gasification process on an industrial scale. This allows to valorize the generated DOP in the olive oil mills and it contributes to reduce CO2, it is favored the transition to the circular economy in the olive sector.

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Small-scale biomass gasification systems for power generation (<200 kW class): A review

Cited by 288 publications

References 37 publications

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Dry Olive Pomace Gasification to Obtain Electrical Energy in a Downdraft Gasifier

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Small-scale biomass gasification systems for power generation (<200 kW class): A review

Cited by 288 publications

References 37 publications

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Dry Olive Pomace Gasification to Obtain Electrical Energy in a Downdraft Gasifier

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Product

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Small-scale biomass gasification systems for power generation (<200 kW class): A review