Soap

Abstract

2.2. Phase Behavior. Soap as an anionic surfactant in water can form a range of aggregates with different shapes and sizes depending on its concentration and the temperature. Its interaction with water is also influenced by the hydrocarbon chain length, the saturation of the hydrocarbon chain and the counter ions property. Furthermore the presence of other surfactants and electrolytes can also significantly change its phase behavior.Binary Soap-Water System. Mixtures of soap in water exhibit a rich variety of phase structures (4,5). Phase diagrams chart the phase structures, or simply phases, as a function of temperature (on the y-axis) and concentration (on the x-axis). Figure 1 shows a typical soap-water binary phase diagram, in this case for sodium palmitate-water. Sodium palmitate is a fully saturated, 16-carbon chain-length soap. At lower temperatures, soap crystals coexist with

General Principles and Strategies for Salting-Out Informed by the Hofmeister Series

“…While each of the above technologies has strengths and potential liabilities, salting-out extraction is simple to implement and can provide great benefits with little additional cost. Furthermore, because of its utility, salting-out has found widespread applications including protein isolation by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, protein crystallization, industrial manufacturing processes for dyes, soaps, and caprolactam, textile dyeing, as well as in analytical chemistry for extracting analytes from biological materials. , …”

Soap: The Polymorphic Genie of Hierarchically Structured Soft Condensed-Matter Products

“…The term “soap” includes all compounds formed by reaction of either an inorganic or organic base with an organic fatty acid . An important subgroup of soaps is a class of molecules that are metal salts of linear fatty acids.…”