Bioceramics are ceramics that can be used for the reconstruction or regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues, they can be bioinert (e.g., alumina and zirconia), resorbable in the body (e.g., tricalcium phosphate), or bioactive (e.g., bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite), which bond to certain tissues and are used in regenerative medicine. In orthopedics, diseased joints are traditionally replaced by prostheses made of bioinert materials that may last up to 15 years. Advanced metal alloys, special polymers, and bioinert ceramics are the basis of this success. However, as life expectancy of our population increases, patients require >30 years from their devices. For large bone defects and severely diseased or damaged soft tissue such as the lung and the liver, transplantation is used, but donors are never enough. To satisfy this growing need for very long term tissue repair a shift of emphasis on
replacement
of tissues to
regeneration
of tissues is needed. An understanding and use of biological approaches is essential. This article describes current applications of bioceramics as medical devices and discusses development of porous bioceramic and composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. It suggests that bioactive ceramics will be used for future biomedical devices for regenerative medicine due to their potential for guiding tissue regeneration by stimulating cells at the genetic level.