Solar Fenton: from pilot to industrial scale application for polishing winery wastewater pretreated by MBR

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Depending on the nature of the pollutants and the level of contaminants, detoxification of various industrial effluents, as well as winery wastewater, might be difficult and/or even impossible to achieve by single conventional biological methods. In such cases, biological processes alone are not able to reach effluent standards for discharge into the environment, and therefore, a pretreatment or post-treatment is required. In this study, winery effluent already treated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was subjected to further treatment by a solar Fenton oxidation process, at pilot and industrial scale. RESULTS:The optimum Fe 2+ and H 2 O 2 concentration was found to be 3 mg L −1 and 350 mg L −1 , respectively. Solar Fenton oxidation has been demonstrated to be an effective process both at pilot and industrial scale, yielding after 180 min of photocatalytic treatment removals of COD, DOC and color of about 85%, 62-68%, and ∼80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combined MBR + solar Fenton process seems to be an effective technology for winery wastewater treatment, that can reduce the organic pollutants in the winery effluent to values below that of the Cypriot discharge limits. Moreover, solar Fenton treatment was proved capable of eliminating the toxicity to D. magna, and significantly reducing the phytotoxicity at values well below the starting values induced by the raw effluent. Industrial-scale solar Fenton treatmentAt the industrial scale, the solar Fenton operation was carried out using 3 mg L −1 of Fe 2+ and 350 mg L −1 of H 2 O 2 , which were the optimum concentrations determined by the pilot-scale experiments. The initial values of COD and DOC of the effluent used for the industrial-scale application were on average 180 mg L −1 and 47 mg L −1 , respectively. wileyonlinelibrary.com/jctb

Treatment of winery wastewater by physicochemical, biological and advanced processes: A review

“…bench and pilot scale) and detailed knowledge for their upscaling is still missing. To the authors' knowledge only one industrial-scale application of an advanced chemical process for the treatment of winery effluents is currently available in the literature [22]. Figure 1 presents the number of journal publications regarding the winery wastewater treatment during the period 1995-2014.…”

“…Solar photo-Fenton oxidation was also able to significantly remove the color (75±2.2%), as well as the toxicity towards D. magna (100%) and the phytotoxicity towards three plant species (L. sativum, S. alba and S. saccharatum) to values lower than 28% (in terms of plant growth inhibition). The application of the abovementioned combined process at pilot and industrial scale proved to be a very effective treatment of winery wastewater [22], lowering the concentration of organic pollutants in the effluent to values below that of the Cypriot discharge limits regarding urban wastewater (i.e.…”

“…Furthermore, the combination of an advanced biological treatment, such as an MBR with solar Fenton oxidation, seems to be a very promising process, both for the elimination of the winery wastewaters' organic load (residual COD < 30 mg L -1 ), as well as its ecotoxicity, even at pilot/industrial scale [22,97]. The evaluation of the potential toxicity of the winery wastewater after each treatment process remains a knowledge gap in the literature, which requires further investigation.…”

Winery wastewater treatment by integrating Fenton's process with biofiltration by Corbicula fluminea

“…Among these, up to 75% are winery wastewaters. This means that for each litre of wine, 1–2 L of liquid effluent are obtained . Winery effluents generally present a high organic load and phytotoxicity, constituting an environmental danger if disposed directly to natural water courses or soils.…”

Optimization of two-chamber photo electro Fenton reactor for the treatment of winery wastewater

“…Moreover, it has also been observed that some pollutants contained in winery wastewaters, such as various recalcitrant high molecular weight compounds (e.g. polyphenols, tannins and lignins), not amenable to biological treatment, may also be characterized by high chemical stability and/or by a difficult complete mineralization (Ioannou et al 2014).…”