Solvent-free oxidation of toluene in an ionic liquid with H2O2 as oxidant

Hg0 removal from flue gas by ionic liquid/H2O2

“…3 showed the 1 H NMR of ionic liquid [C 4 mim]Cl. Clearly, the peaks at 0.89 ppm, 1.25 ppm, 1.75 ppm, 3.88 ppm, 4.21 ppm, 7.78 ppm, 7.86 ppm and 9.48 ppm were assigned to the corresponding hydrogen atoms from the ionic liquid [41][42][43][44]. All the characterization results indicated that the ionic liquid possessed the expected structure as shown in Scheme 1.…”

“…2 was the IR spectrum of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid ([C 4 mim]Cl). As can be seen, the bands at 3140 cm −1 , 3080 cm −1 , 2960 cm −1 , 2870 cm −1 , 1460 cm −1 and 1380 cm −1 were attributed to vibrations of C H in alkane, and the bands at 3430 cm −1 , 1630, 1570, 1340 cm −1 , 1170 cm −1 , 851 cm −1 , 755 cm −1 , 646 cm −1 and 622 cm −1 were ascribed to the absorption of imidazole [39][40][41]. It suggested that the molecular structure of the ionic liquid contained alkyl and imidazolyl groups, which was further clarified by NMR spectrum.…”

Transition metal‐catalyzed oxidative transformations of methylarenes

“…In the same year, Lu et al . reported the oxidation of toluene in ionic liquids with H 2 O 2 as the oxidant under solvent‐free conditions . Ionic liquids were employed as catalysts in selective oxidation of toluene.…”

Production of Benzoic Acid through Catalytic Transformation of Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass

“…There are three main industrial production methods for the synthesis of benzoic acid now, namely, the liquid-phase air oxidation of toluene, the hydrolysis of trichlorotoluene and the decarboxylation of phthalic anhydride [14]. Toluene can be oxidized to several oxygenates like benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol [15−18], and the yield of a desired product derived from the oxidation process depends on catalysts, oxidizers and reaction conditions [16,19]. For example, the gas-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene [20,21] and the liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene [16−19], have been developed for producing benzoic acid or benzaldehyde.…”