Some properties of the plasmas produced by irradiating light solids by laser pulses

Caruso, A.; Gratton, R.

doi:10.1088/0032-1028/10/9/307

Cited by 182 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On the other hand, when the absorption of the laser energy is less the process is reversed with similar results. It has been theoretically proved that 41 the density, temperature and dimensions of the plume adjust in such a manner that the plasma absorbs the same amount of laser radiation to maintain a self regulating regime. This assumption was found to be valid in laser generated plasma, where thermalization time is significantly less than the plasma expansion time, resulting in an establishment of uniform temperature in the plasma.…”

Section: I͑ev͒ ͑10͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron density and temperature measurements in a laser produced carbon plasma

Harilal

Bindhu

Issac

et al. 1997

Journal of Applied Physics

331

138

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Plasma generated by fundamental radiation from a Nd:YAG laser focused onto a graphite target is studied spectroscopically. Measured line profiles of several ionic species were used to infer electron temperature and density at several sections located in front of the target surface. Line intensities of successive ionization states of carbon were used for electron temperature calculations. Stark broadened profiles of singly ionized species have been utilized for electron density measurements. Electron density as well as electron temperature were studied as functions of laser irradiance and time elapsed after the incidence of laser pulse. The validity of the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium is discussed in light of the results obtained. © 1997 American Institute of Physics. ͓S0021-8979͑97͒04116-9͔

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Section: I͑ev͒ ͑10͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron density and temperature measurements in a laser produced carbon plasma

Harilal

Bindhu

Issac

et al. 1997

Journal of Applied Physics

331

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The interaction of highpower lasers with solid materials causes material removal through processes such as laser vaporization, desorption, sputtering, ejection, etching, spallation, and plasma generation. There have been continuous efforts to understand the ablation mechanisms (e.g., Caruso & Gratton, 1968;Austin, Michaud, Guenther, & Putman, 1973;Dreyfus, McDonald, & von Gutfeld, 1987;Wood, Leboeuf, Chen, Geohegan, & Puretzky, 1998;Yilbas, Shuja, Arif, & Gondal, 2003;Zhigilei, 2003, and references therein), but there remain many unknowns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle generation by laser ablation during surface decontamination

Lee

Cheng

2004

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Laser ablation allows significant number of particles to be generated from the surfaces of cement, chromiumembedded cement, stainless steel, or alumina. The number concentrations and size distributions of the particles were experimentally investigated with respect to applied laser fluence (mJ cm −2 ) and wavelength. Based on the measurements, 266-nm laser ablation generates particles most efficiently. Of the three materials tested, cement was the most favorable for material removal, stainless steel was the next, and alumina was the least. The removal of particles from chromium-embedded cement by 532-and 1064-nm-wavelength lasers was less effective than from stainless steel, but more effective than from alumina. For ablation with a 266-nm laser, chromium enhanced the removal above 20 J cm −2 . Comparisons of other characteristics such as the size and removal rate of these particles are also discussed in this paper. ᭧

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“…The interaction of high-power lasers with solid materials causes material removal through processes such as laser vaporization, desorption, sputtering, ejection, etching, spallation, and plasma generation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Besides continuous research on laser ablation mechanisms, an enormous amount of research on applications using laser ablation has been performed. 9 -15 One recent and effective application is surface decontamination and cleaning.…”

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confidence: 99%

Particle Generation by Ultraviolet-Laser Ablation during Surface Decontamination

Lee

Cheng

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A novel photonic decontamination method was developed for removal of pollutants from material surfaces. Such a method relies on the ability of a high-energy laser beam to ablate materials from a contaminated surface layer, thus producing airborne particles. In this paper, the authors presented the results obtained using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) system and an aerosol particle sizer (APS). Particles generated by laser ablation from the surfaces of cement, chromium-embedded cement, and alumina were experimentally investigated. Broad particle distributions from nanometer to micrometer in size were measured. For stainless steel, virtually no particle Ͼ500 nm in aerodynamic size was detected. The generated particle number concentrations of all three of the materials were increased as the 266-nm laser fluence (millijoules per square centimeter) increased. Among the three materials tested, cement was found to be the most favorable for particle removal, alumina next, and stainless steel the least. Chromium (dropped in cement) showed almost no effects on particle production. For all of the materials tested except for stainless steel, bimodal size distributions were observed; a smaller mode peaked at ϳ50 -70 nm was detected by SMPS and a larger mode (peaked at ϳ0.70 -0.85 m) by APS. Based on transmission electron microscopy observations, the authors concluded that particles in the range of 50 -70 nm were aggregates of primary particles, and those of size larger than a few hundred nanometers were produced by different mechanisms, for example, massive object ejection from the material surfaces. INTRODUCTIONLaser ablation is defined as the removal of material by laser irradiation from a surface of the material. Removed materials may be in the form of particulate matter, solid and/or liquid, and vapors. The interaction of high-power lasers with solid materials causes material removal through processes such as laser vaporization, desorption, sputtering, ejection, etching, spallation, and plasma generation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Besides continuous research on laser ablation mechanisms, an enormous amount of research on applications using laser ablation has been performed. 9 -15 One recent and effective application is surface decontamination and cleaning. [11][12][13]16 Laser ablation can be applied, for example, for decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear facilities at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complexes across the United States. For D&D applications, previous results 17 showed that laser ablation with an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength (266-nm) pulsed laser was most effective in particle generation compared with that with lasers of other (1064-or 532-nm) wavelengths. In this paper, the authors report, in detail, the production and transformation of particles when the UV laser was used on selected surrogate surfaces: Portland cement (cement) with or without a toxic heavy metal, chromium (Cr), prepared under laboratory conditions, stainless steel 316, and pure alumina (Al 2 O 3 ). The f...

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Some properties of the plasmas produced by irradiating light solids by laser pulses

Cited by 182 publications

References 6 publications

Electron density and temperature measurements in a laser produced carbon plasma

Electron density and temperature measurements in a laser produced carbon plasma

Particle generation by laser ablation during surface decontamination

Particle Generation by Ultraviolet-Laser Ablation during Surface Decontamination

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