Special Issue: Fungal Cell Wall

Beauvais, Anne; Latgé, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.3390/jof4030091

Cited by 69 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The results described in Section 3.1 prompted an investigation into what kind of cellular damage from the soft plasma jet could lead to the death of the spores. Because the fungal spore surface is covered with a protective layer of the cell wall [26], we examined the possibility of cell wall damage. Figure 5 shows SEM images of the C. pruinosa spores before and after soft plasma jet treatments for 3 min and 10 min.…”

Section: Morphology and Cell Wall Integrity Of The Plasma-treated C mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Viability and Cell Wall Integrity of Cordyceps pruinosa Treated with an Electric Shock-Free, Atmospheric-Pressure Air Plasma Jet

Noh

Kim

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Atmospheric-pressure Ar plasma jets are known to be detrimental to Cordyceps pruinosa spores. However, it is not clear what kinds of reactive species are more effective with regard to fungal cell death. Herein, we study which reactive species plays pivotal roles in the death of fungal spores using an electric shock-free, atmospheric-pressure air plasma jet, simply called soft plasma jet. Plasma treatment significantly reduced the spore viability and damaged fungal DNA. As observed from the circular dichroism spectra, scanning electron microscope images, and flow cytometric measurements, cell wall integrity was decreased by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from the plasma itself and the plasma-activated water. Consequently, degradation of the spore cell wall allows RONS from the plasma to reach the intracellular components. Such plasma-induced intracellular RONS can attack spore DNA and other intracellular components, as confirmed by electrophoresis analysis and phosphorylated histone measurement. In addition, weakening of the spore cell wall allowed for the loss of intracellular components, which can lead to cell death. Plasma radicals were investigated by measuring the optical emission spectrum of the soft plasma jet, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were confirmed by measuring the fluorescence of 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (H2DCF-DA)-stained spores. The soft plasma jet generated considerable amounts of H2O2 and NOx but a very small number of OH radicals as compared to the atmospheric-pressure Arplasma jet; this indicates that plasma-induced long-lived reactive species (H2O2 and NOx) play an important role in the weakening of spore cell walls and cell death.

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Section: Morphology and Cell Wall Integrity Of The Plasma-treated C mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Viability and Cell Wall Integrity of Cordyceps pruinosa Treated with an Electric Shock-Free, Atmospheric-Pressure Air Plasma Jet

Noh

Kim

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…TEM observations showed that the membrane structure was compromised at high concentrations of wuyiencin and provided details of membranous insult which lead to cellular leakage [9]. However, the cell wall is not a one-dimensional structure in fungi, and hydrolases at the cell wall are known to play a role as cell wall remodeling enzymes [20]. Other hydrolases play a role in the structure of the fungal cell wall itself [25,26], including regulation of cell wall synthesis and hydrolysis at the hyphal apex, particularly in filamentous fungi [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea controlled with Wuyiencin

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Grey mould is an important plant disease worldwide, caused by Botrytis cinerea ，resulting in serious economic loss. Wuyiencin, a low toxicity, high efficiency, and broad-spectrum agricultural antibiotic, has been demonstrated effectiveness against B. cinerea. Methods In this study, we characterized the differential protein expression in wuyiencin-treated B. cinerea using high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatic tools. Results Wuyiencin treatment inhibited growth and sporulation of B. cinerea, specifically altering hypha morphology and intracellular structures. These changes were accompanied by differential expression (fold change >2.0) of 316 proteins identified by iTRAQ-labelling LC-MS/MS analysis (P < 0.05). Up-regulation of 14 proteins, including carbohydrate metabolism proteins and cell wall stabilization proteins, was validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Down-regulation of 13 proteins was validated by PRM, including regulators of energy metabolism, nucleotide/protein synthesis, and the biosynthesis of mediators of plant stress and decay. Conclusion Our results confirm the inhibitory biological effects of wuyiencin on B . cinereal and elaborate on the differentially expressed proteins and associated pathways implicated in the capacity of wuyiencin to debilitate the growth and pathogenicity of grey mould. This study provides validated candidates for further targeted exploration with the goal of optimizing wuyiencin as a safe, low-toxicity agent for biological control.

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“…Two genes products show similarity to the enzymes involved in degradation and biogenesis of the fungal cell wall. Uhk_005214 showed signi cant similarities to beta-1,3-glucanases, enzymes that break down 1,3-beta glucan, the central component of the inner cell wall of fungi (23)(24)(25). Uhk_002614 showed similarities to enzymes in glycosyltransferase family 2.…”

Section: Identi Cation Of Symbiosis-related Genes and Functional Predmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro resynthesis of lichenization reveals the genetic background of symbiosis-specific fungal-algal interaction in Usnea hakonensis.

Kono

Kon

Ohmura

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Symbiosis is central to ecosystems and has been an important driving force of the diversity of life. Close and long-term interactions are known to develop cooperative molecular mechanisms between the symbiotic partners and have often given them new functions as symbiotic entities. In lichen symbiosis, mutualistic relationships between lichen-forming fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria produce unique features that make lichens adaptive to a wide range of environments. Although the morphological, physiological, and ecological uniqueness of lichens has been described for more than a century, the genetic mechanisms underlying this symbiosis are still poorly known.Results This study investigated the fungal-algal interaction specific to the lichen symbiosis using Usnea hakonensis as a model system. The whole genome of U. hakonensis, the fungal partner, was sequenced by using a culture isolated from a natural lichen thallus. Isolated cultures of the fungal and the algal partners were co-cultured in vitro for three months, and thalli were successfully resynthesized as visible protrusions. Transcriptomes of resynthesized and natural thalli (symbiotic states) were compared to that of isolated cultures (non-symbiotic state). Sets of fungal and algal genes up-regulated in both symbiotic states were identified as symbiosis-related genes.Conclusion From predicted functions of these genes, we identified genetic association with two key features fundamental to the symbiotic lifestyle in lichens. The first is establishment of a fungal symbiotic interface: (a) modification of cell walls at fungal-algal contact sites; and (b) production of a hydrophobic layer that ensheaths fungal and algal cells;. The second is symbiosis-specific nutrient flow: (a) the algal supply of photosynthetic product to the fungus; and (b) the fungal supply of phosphorous and nitrogen compounds to the alga. Since both features are widespread among lichens, our result may indicate important facets of the genetic basis of the lichen symbiosis.

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Special Issue: Fungal Cell Wall

Abstract: n/a

Cited by 69 publications

References 47 publications

Spore Viability and Cell Wall Integrity of Cordyceps pruinosa Treated with an Electric Shock-Free, Atmospheric-Pressure Air Plasma Jet

Spore Viability and Cell Wall Integrity of Cordyceps pruinosa Treated with an Electric Shock-Free, Atmospheric-Pressure Air Plasma Jet

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea controlled with Wuyiencin

In vitro resynthesis of lichenization reveals the genetic background of symbiosis-specific fungal-algal interaction in Usnea hakonensis.

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