Specific surface free energy of ruby single crystals from Mo- and Pb-based flux

Specific surface free energy and morphology of chlorapatite crystals studied by modified Wilhelmy method

“…We also observed the contact angle of liquids on the faces of the ruby crystals using the sessile drop method and determined the SSFE of each face. The faces of ruby crystals have different SSFE's even for the face with the same index [15,16]. We also concluded that the SSFE we obtained is not the SSFE of ideal flat terrace of the facet, but includes the contribution of step energy as shown by Eq.…”

Specific surface free energy and the morphology of synthesized ruby single crystals

“…However, the ratios are not equal for respective crystals. The difference in ratios was explained by the difference in the driving force of crystal growth in our previous study for ruby crystal [10]. The ratios for Ruby(A), Ruby(B), and Ruby(C) were 87, 50, and 48 Jm À 3 , respectively.…”

“…The difference in the slope was explained by the difference in chemical potential of each individual ruby crystal. The details of the discussion for the chemical potential of ruby crystal are described elsewhere [10].…”

“…In fact, such commercial contact angle meters are not convenient to apply for the study of crystal surface, because synthesized well-formed crystals are very small. Therefore, we manually observed contact angle of liquids on chlorapatite [4][5][6] and ruby [7][8][9][10] single crystal surface and calculated SSFE. According to our previous study on ruby single crystals, Wulff's relationship [11] looked to be satisfied, as…”