Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimic due to voltage gated potassium channel antibodies (VGKC) autoimmune encephalitis. (case report)

Alvarez, W. Trillo; Suarez, Jose Alberto; Acosta, Julio; Escalante, Cesar; Mercado, A.Z. Escalante

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.942

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It has been subsequently demonstrated that these syndromes were caused by antibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2), proteins related to VGKC ( 30 ). In this study, the subgroup of antibodies was not specified for 2 patients, while all others had anti-LGI1 antibodies ( 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The clinical phenotype of anti -LGI1 encephalitis is usually manifested as cognitive impairment, seizures, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia ( 30 ). Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is difficult to diagnose, as it can cause rapidly progressive dementia ( 30 ), as observed in two cases in the sample ( 32 ). Another possible mistake associated with anti-LGI1 encephalitis is the frequent confusion of faciobrachial dystonic seizures with diverse movement disorders and focal seizures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Encephalitis in Latin America: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Autoimmune encephalitis is an increasingly recognized cause of encephalitis. The majority of case series report patients residing in developed countries in the northern hemisphere. The epidemiologic features of autoimmune encephalitis in Latin America are still unclear. The aim of the study was to perform a review of the clinical presentation of autoimmune encephalitis in Latin America and compare to world literature. References were identified by an in-depth literature search and selected on the basis of relevance to the topic and authors' judgment. We selected clinical studies and case reports published from 2007 to July, 2020 including patients from Latin American countries. Of the 379 patients included, the majority were cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (93.14%), followed by anti-VGKC-complex encephalitis (N = 17; 4.48%), anti-GAD encephalitis (N = 9; 2.37%), anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis (N = 1; 0.26%), anti-GABA receptor encephalitis (N = 1; 0. 26%), anti-mGluR5 encephalitis (N = 1; 0. 26%), and anti-mGluR1 encephalitis (N = 1; 0. 26%). Reported cases of Anti-NMDA encephalitis in Latin-America had a very slight female predominance, lower prevalence of associated tumors and a lower incidence of extreme delta brush on electroencephalogram. Autoimmune encephalitis is possibly underdiagnosed in underdeveloped countries. Its outcome after treatment, however, appears to be similarly favorable in Latin American patients as has been reported in developed countries based on available case reports and case series. Regional specificities in the manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis could be related to epidemiologic factors, such as the presence of different triggers and different genetic and immunologic background, that need to be studied by future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Encephalitis in Latin America: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, he also presented with multiple movement disorders, including violent cervical tics, bradykinesia, choreoathetosis of his upper limbs, ballismus of his lower limbs, and facial dystonia [ 19 ]. A 72-year-old Hispanic female was described as a case of VGKC encephalitis mimicking sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: she presented with orofacial tics, hypertonia, dysmetria, echolalia, and visual and auditory hallucinations [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phonic tics included grunting and barking, whereas the involuntary movements were similar to those reported by patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (grimacing, eye movements) [ 48 , 52 , 71 ]. VGKC encephalitis has also been shown to mimic features of CJD [ 22 ], whereas catatonic features have been reported in both CJD and GTS [ 42 ]. However, the patient reported by Molina et al met the diagnostic criteria for sporadic CJD based on both clinical and electroencephalographic findings [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tics in patients with encephalitis

et al. 2021

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Background Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. Objective This review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results In addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed. Discussion The association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis.

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“…Interestingly, he also multiple movement disorders, including violent cervical tics, bradykinesia, choreoathetosis of his upper limbs, ballismus of his lower limbs, and facial dystonia [19]. A 72-year-old Hispanic female was described as a case of VGKC encephalitis mimicking sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: she presented with orofacial tics, hypertonia, dysmetria, echolalia, and visual and auditory hallucinations [22].…”

Section: Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Complex (Vgkc) Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

021 Tics in patients with encephalitis

Badenoch¹,

Searle²,

Watson³

et al. 2022

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. This review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis. We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed. The association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychi- atric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis.jxb752@student.bham.ac.uk

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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimic due to voltage gated potassium channel antibodies (VGKC) autoimmune encephalitis. (case report)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Autoimmune Encephalitis in Latin America: A Critical Review

Autoimmune Encephalitis in Latin America: A Critical Review

Tics in patients with encephalitis

021 Tics in patients with encephalitis

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