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International cooperation, the development of the digital economy, and market globalization including the labor market became the reason for the production distribution and the transformation of the sector of employment. The national labor market is under the influence of combined tendencies, which result in diverging effects for its institutional entities. The state meets a number of problems, those restrain the formation of the labor market, which can meet modern economic needs and social challenges. The failures of the state regulation at the labor market are examined and combined into blocks, the main problems of each group (block) are highlighted; their solving will specify the state politics in the sector of employment. The methods of research such as system analysis, comparative analysis, structural-functional analysis, method of statistical aggregation, expert evaluation, etc. are used. The system of failures of state regulation at the labor market is examined. It is structured according to the generalized groups: delayed development and archaic nature of the employment structure, atypicality of labor market adaptation, disequilibrium of the labor market, destruction of social dialogue at the labor market, inequality of incomes, the low level of employment law enforcement. The development entities, manifest particularity, possible negative outcomes, their easing, and the ways out are specified for each group, which characterizes the failures of the state regulation at the labor market. The public policy in the sector of employment, which will form the unique possibility to act in a new way giving the priorities to the new elements, principles, and rules of cooperation at the labor market in the context of uncertainty and perpetual crisis is proposed. The importance of the development of the state regulation strategic course according to the generalized groups, which specifies the manifests of Ukrainian and European labor markets’ divergence is highlighted.
International cooperation, the development of the digital economy, and market globalization including the labor market became the reason for the production distribution and the transformation of the sector of employment. The national labor market is under the influence of combined tendencies, which result in diverging effects for its institutional entities. The state meets a number of problems, those restrain the formation of the labor market, which can meet modern economic needs and social challenges. The failures of the state regulation at the labor market are examined and combined into blocks, the main problems of each group (block) are highlighted; their solving will specify the state politics in the sector of employment. The methods of research such as system analysis, comparative analysis, structural-functional analysis, method of statistical aggregation, expert evaluation, etc. are used. The system of failures of state regulation at the labor market is examined. It is structured according to the generalized groups: delayed development and archaic nature of the employment structure, atypicality of labor market adaptation, disequilibrium of the labor market, destruction of social dialogue at the labor market, inequality of incomes, the low level of employment law enforcement. The development entities, manifest particularity, possible negative outcomes, their easing, and the ways out are specified for each group, which characterizes the failures of the state regulation at the labor market. The public policy in the sector of employment, which will form the unique possibility to act in a new way giving the priorities to the new elements, principles, and rules of cooperation at the labor market in the context of uncertainty and perpetual crisis is proposed. The importance of the development of the state regulation strategic course according to the generalized groups, which specifies the manifests of Ukrainian and European labor markets’ divergence is highlighted.
Розглянуто особливості використання нестандартних моделей зайнятості, що розвиваються на базі ІКТ, зокрема дистанційної роботи. Підкреслено, що ті, хто працюють віддалено, завдяки використанню нових інформаційних технологій з доступом до Інтернету можуть виконувати робочі обов’язки в будь-якому місці, що дозволяє зменшити соціальні ризики. Зайнятих, відповідно до їхніх посадових обов’язків і робочих функцій, умовно поділено на три групи: 1) ті, хто зазвичай працюють дистанційно вдома чи в будь-якому іншому місці, 2) ті, хто інколи виконують роботу дистанційно, 3) ті, хто ніколи не працюють віддалено. Проаналізовано динаміку у країнах ЄС частки зайнятих осіб, які зазвичай працювали вдома, досліджено їхній розподіл у різних країнах Європи за означеними групами. Для України оцінено потенціал дистанційної зайнятості на основі статистичної інформації щодо кількості працівників на підприємствах, які використовували комп’ютери з доступом до Інтернету. Проведено аналітичну оцінку можливостей оснащення новими технологіями і ефективності їх використання на великих, середніх і малих підприємствах України. Визначено зв’язок дистанційної зайнятості й ефективності праці на основі результатів економічних досліджень і соціологічних опитувань, проведених як в Україні, так і в інших країнах світу. Доведено, що для висококваліфікованих працівників зв’язок цієї форми зайнятості з продуктивністю є позитивним. Кризи нестабільності актуалізували питання адекватної адаптації національного ринку праці до функціонування в умовах невизначеності. Дистанційна зайнятість у цих умовах є інструментом, здатним підтримати соціальну безпеку під час криз і виступити потенціалом майбутнього розвитку національної економіки.
The article considers the issue of maintaining the state social resilience through the prism of the development of digital platforms and the emergence of the digital labor market as a new reality for the information-network economy. Attention is focused on the fact that the transformation of traditional models of social and labor relations prompts the search for ways and means of the regulation of non-standard forms of employment, in particular platform employment related to work on digital (online-, Internet-) platforms. The authors carry out an analytical assessment of international approaches to regulating the activities of digital platforms and recommendations for improving working conditions for platform employment. Shown various legal peculiarities and the variety of national practices of labor regulation in the platform economy in different countries. The article presents variants of terminology on the subject, and the most common areas of application of legislation and regulations regarding digital platforms and employees of such platforms in the ILO’s member states. Revealed the directions of domestic legislative and legal regulation of certain forms of non-standard employment, such as remote work, work with the use of flexible working time, labor relations with non-fixed working time. It is noted that a separate case of such forms of non-standard employment can be considered platform employment, the specifics of whose regulation are not taken into account in Ukraine’s legislation. The authors summarize the recommendations on the regulation of platform economy and platform employment based on modern international approaches and practices. The main legally regulated aspects of platform employment are identified, being among the most important of them the issues of concluding labor contracts, extending social protection standards to platform employees, transparency in the use of algorithms, and guaranteeing the right to appeal decisions made by artificial intelligence. It is emphasized that special attention should be paid to the creation of a tripartite committee in Ukraine for the preparation by the parties of national social partnership of consolidated approaches to the regulation of platform employment. Proposed various guidelines for legal regulation of platform employment, which would minimize its precarization potential and contribute to social resilience in post-war Ukraine.
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