Stimulated Raman spectroscopy of analytes evanescently probed by a silicon nitride photonic integrated waveguide

Zhao, Haolan; Clemmen, Stéphane; Raza, Ali; Baets, Roel

doi:10.1364/ol.43.001403

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our approach can be readily extended to efficiently determine optimal waveguide geometries for other sensing modes, such as stimulated Raman spectroscopy [81], with a suitably defined sensing metric. There are also a number of other material platforms to which this work can be extended, such as silicon nitride on silicon dioxide [33,34,82,83], titanium dioxide on silicon dioxide [35], chalcogenide glass on insulator [84,85], germanium or germaniumsilicon on silicon [86,87], silicon on sapphire [88], and more that are of great interest to the waveguide-integrated chemical sensing community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are slot and sub-wavelength grating waveguides better than strip waveguides for sensing?

Kita

Michon

Johnson

et al. 2018

Optica

127

103

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The unique ability of slot and sub-wavelength grating (SWG) waveguides to confine light outside of the waveguide core material has attracted significant interest in their application to chemical and biological sensing. However, high sensitivity to sidewall roughness induced scattering loss in these structures compared to strip waveguides casts doubt on their efficacy. In this article, we seek to settle the controversy for silicon-oninsulator (SOI) photonic devices by quantitatively comparing the sensing performance of various waveguide geometries through figures of merit that we derive for each mode of sensing. These methods (which may be readily applied to other material systems) take into account both modal confinement and roughness scattering loss, the latter of which is computed using a volume-current (Green's-function) method with a first Born approximation. For devices based on the standard 220 nm SOI platform at telecommunication wavelengths (λ = 1550 nm) whose propagation loss is predominantly limited by random line-edge sidewall roughness scattering, our model predicts that properly engineered TM-polarized strip waveguides claim the best performance for refractometry and absorption spectroscopy, while optimized slot waveguides demonstrate > 5× performance enhancement over the other waveguide geometries for waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. arXiv:1805.03321v2 [physics.optics]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are slot and sub-wavelength grating waveguides better than strip waveguides for sensing?

Kita

Michon

Johnson

et al. 2018

Optica

127

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This waveguide based excitation and collection technique can be used for different sensing phenomena e.g. on-chip fluorescence [1], spontaneous Raman [2], stimulated Raman [3] and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy [4], whereby unlike confocal approaches, the signal scales with the waveguide length. Different photonic structures i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High index contrast photonic platforms for on-chip Raman spectroscopy

Raza¹,

Clemmen²,

Wuytens³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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Nanophotonic waveguide enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NWERS) is a sensing technique that uses a highly confined waveguide mode to excite and collect the Raman scattered signal from molecules in close vicinity of the waveguide. The most important parameters defining the figure of merit of an NWERS sensor include its ability to collect the Raman signal from an analyte i.e. "the Raman conversion efficiency" and the amount of "Raman background" generated from the guiding material. Here, we compare different photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platforms capable of on-chip Raman sensing in terms of the aforementioned parameters. Among the four photonic platforms under study, tantalum oxide and silicon nitride waveguides exhibit high signal collection efficiency and low Raman background. In contrast, the performance of titania and alumina waveguides suffers from a strong Raman background and a weak signal collection efficiency respectively.

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“…Typical PON systems have two wavelengths near 1310 and 1490/ 1550 nm required for upstream and downstream signals channeling, which requires the photonic integrated circuit to perform dual-wavelength-band coupling and duplexing. Other applications may include on-chip amplification by coupling pump and signal lights simultaneously and integrated Raman spectrometry [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Polarization and Wavelength Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues

et al. 2020

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Silicon photonics is an enabling technology that provides integrated photonic devices and systems with low-cost mass manufacturing capability. It has attracted increasing attention in both academia and industry in recent years, not only for its applications in communications, but also in sensing. One important issue of silicon photonics that comes with its high integration density is an interface between its high-performance integrated waveguide devices and optical fibers or free-space optics. Surface grating coupler is a preferred candidate that provides flexibility for circuit design and reduces effort for both fabrication and alignment. In the past decades, considerable research efforts have been made on in-plane grating couplers to address their insufficiency in coupling efficiency, wavelength sensitivity and polarization sensitivity compared with out-of-plane edge-coupling. Apart from improved performances, new functionalities are also on the horizon for grating couplers. In this paper, we review the current research progresses made on grating couplers, starting from their fundamental theories and concepts. Then, we conclude various methods to improve their performance, including coupling efficiency, polarization and wavelength sensitivity. Finally, we discuss some emerging research topics on grating couplers, as well as practical issues such as testing, packaging and promising applications.

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Stimulated Raman spectroscopy of analytes evanescently probed by a silicon nitride photonic integrated waveguide

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Are slot and sub-wavelength grating waveguides better than strip waveguides for sensing?

Are slot and sub-wavelength grating waveguides better than strip waveguides for sensing?

High index contrast photonic platforms for on-chip Raman spectroscopy

Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues

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