Stress distribution in the knee joint in relation to tibiofemoral angle using the finite element method

Abstract

The article presents the results of a preliminary study on the structural analysis of the knee joint, considering changes in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage of the joint. Studies have been made due to the need to determine the tension distribution occurring in the cartilage of the human knee. This distribution could be the starting point for designing custom made human knee prosthesis. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the knee joint and articular cartilage was introduced. Based on a series of computed tomography [CT] scans, the 3D model of human knee joint was reverse-engineered, processed and exported to CAD software. The static mechanical analysis of the knee joint model was conducted using the finite element method [FEM], in three different values of tibiofemoral angle and with varying mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue. Main conclusions of the study are: the capability to absorb loads by articular cartilage of the knee joint is preliminary determined as decreasing with increasing degenerations of the cartilage and with age of a patient. Without further information on changes of cartilage’s mechanical parameters in time it is hard to determine the nature of relation between mentioned capability and these parameters.

Application of Acoustic Signal Processing Methods in Detecting Differences Between Open and Closed Kinematic Chain Movement for the Knee Joint

“…The knee is the joint that transmits the loads that occur when moving between these elements. The major part taking the load in the knee joint is a thick layer of hyaline cartilage (6-7 mm), which under physiological conditions provides almost frictionless movement between the forming bones (Zubrzycki, Karpiński & Górniak, 2016;Karpiński et al, 2019). The occurrence of frequent excessive overloads, mechanical injuries and disturbances of lubricating properties of synovial fluid cause accelerated wear and degeneration of cartilage structures, which may result in deterioration of both quantitative and qualitative aspects of joint functioning (Krakowski et al, 2018).…”

“…Therefore, the progress in the development of numerical methods related to the processing of acoustic signals used in medicine can make it possible to collect and analyze the necessary data without the need for costly or invasive tests on humans (Karpiński, Jaworski, Jonak & Krakowski, 2019).…”

Analysis and Assessment of Aluminum and Aluminum-Ceramic Foams Structure

“…Their high stiffness compared to the low weight of the product is an excellent filler [16][17][18]. Due to the multiple uses of foams, neural networks are often used to analyze them to determine the relationships between various parameters [19][20][21][22][23].…”

EM-skin: an artificial robotic skin using magnetic inductance tomography

“…Tactile information measured when the robotic skin interacts with the outside world can provide stimulus feedback, allowing machines to interact with their environment. Moreover, soft contact sensing and their resolved forces can be incorporated into other applications, such as gate analysis [2], [3], [4], [5]. These can help detect abnormal movements and model the mechanical behaviors of the HMI.…”