Study of Barium Adsorption on Germanium by Field‐Emission Microscopy

Abstract

The change in work function of barium-covered p-and n-type germanium emitters with the degree of coverage 0 is investigated by FEM. The curve of work function q against deposition time is similar to that for barium adsorption on metals. The work functions of clean field-desorbed surfaces of p-and n-type emitters are determined from the Fowler-Nordheim slopes with respect to that for barium-covered surfaces, assuming that the work function of the latter for 0 > 1 is qBa = 2.5 eV. The work functions are qp = (4.90 f0.05)eV and qn = (4.43 f 0.05) eV for ep = 3.7 Rcm and en = 2.5 Qcm, respectively. The difference in the observed work functions compares well with the difference of the Fermi level position. Metallic-like properties of barium on germanium are observed a t coverages 0 much less than a monolayer (0 = 0.007). Mccnenosamie U~M~H~H U B pa6o~bl mxona repMaHun p-M n-Tma n p~l noHpbr-T E~M ero 6 a p~e~, I I O K~~~J I O , YTO ~~B M C E~M O C T~ q(0) EiMeeT TaKo# me xapamep, ICaK npIl ancop6s~i1l 6apncr Ha MeTaJIJIe. El3 OTHOCHTeJlbHblX HaHJIOHOB KpElBblX @aynepa-Hopnrehfa HJIR qUCTbIX EI IIOHphITIJX 6 a p~i e~ (6 > 1) Ge 3MkITTePOB, OnpeJ&JleHa pa6o~a BbIXOna AJIR BMEITTBPOB, H3rOTOBaeHHbIX k13 p-Ei n-TkIna Ge MOHOHpHCTaJIJIOB; Tp = (4,90 & 0,05) eV Ei (Pn = (4,43 f 0,05) e v COOTBeTCTBeH-HO. P~~H O C T~ pa6OT BMxona xopoluo cornacyeTcx c p a a~~i s e t i B nonome-H E~M YPOBHB QepMEi B HCXOAHHX 06passax ep = 3,7 ncm EI en = 2,5 Qcm. 06HapyHteH0, 9TO MeTaJIJIOIIOn06HbIe CBO#CTBa IIOKpblTHa IIpORBJIBIOTCR yHte npEi e = 0,007.

An analysis of the Chinese techniques and methods in the objects of landscape heritage in the city of Saratov, Russia

“…Thus, the research showed that the composition of space in the objects of landscape architecture of the Volga region is similar to the parks in China, which is evident in the planning solutions of such works of "green" architecture. As well as the Chinese parks, the objects of our research are situated close by populated areas (for instance, the estate park of the landed gentleman Minkh in the village of Polchaninovka or a similar estate of the landed gentleman Medem in the village of Severnyi) [5,8].…”

“…The hills were emphasized with pagodas, pavilions etc. In landscape and architecture objects of the Saratov Volga region, especially on the right bank, the uplands are used to hold pavilions with open views in all directions, mostly on water [8]. The colors of their decorations were similar to those of Chinese architecture.…”

“…2The comparative chronology and development principle: it became possible to track back the emergence and developing of the objects of landscape architecture, the periods of development and the patterns of adopting the methods and techniques of creating the objects of greenery in populated areas of the Volga Region. The study was based on the methods developed in [5,7,8,10,11]. 3The nature observation principle: the layouts, vegetation forms, small architecture forms along with the views perspectives were observed and measured.…”

Field Emission from p‐Type Germanium

“…According to the point of view stated in [13], this can be associated with the formation of a surface conduction band in the process of foreign atom adsorption at a semiconductor surface.…”