Subjective visual vertical perception and sense of smell in Parkinson disease

Khattab, A.; Docherty, Sharon; Bagust, J.; Willington, Robert; Thomas, Peter; Amar, Khaled

doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.05.0090

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This interpretation receives support from the small iSDs that many of these subjects exhibited, indicating that they were accurately matching the frame angle. A similar clustering of errors around the frame angle has been reported in some elderly subjects [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Changes in Rod and Frame Test Scores Recorded in Schoolchildren during Development – A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2013

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The Rod and Frame Test has been used to assess the degree to which subjects rely on the visual frame of reference to perceive vertical (visual field dependence- independence perceptual style). Early investigations found children exhibited a wide range of alignment errors, which reduced as they matured. These studies used a mechanical Rod and Frame system, and presented only mean values of grouped data. The current study also considered changes in individual performance. Changes in rod alignment accuracy in 419 school children were measured using a computer-based Rod and Frame test. Each child was tested at school Grade 2 and retested in Grades 4 and 6. The results confirmed that children displayed a wide range of alignment errors, which decreased with age but did not reach the expected adult values. Although most children showed a decrease in frame dependency over the 4 years of the study, almost 20% had increased alignment errors suggesting that they were becoming more frame-dependent. Plots of individual variation (SD) against mean error allowed the sample to be divided into 4 groups; the majority with small errors and SDs; a group with small SDs, but alignments clustering around the frame angle of 18°; a group showing large errors in the opposite direction to the frame tilt; and a small number with large SDs whose alignment appeared to be random. The errors in the last 3 groups could largely be explained by alignment of the rod to different aspects of the frame. At corresponding ages females exhibited larger alignment errors than males although this did not reach statistical significance. This study confirms that children rely more heavily on the visual frame of reference for processing spatial orientation cues. Most become less frame-dependent as they mature, but there are considerable individual differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Changes in Rod and Frame Test Scores Recorded in Schoolchildren during Development – A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2013

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“…The increased intraindividual variability in rod alignment for SCZ during orientation modulation of visual vertical, in comparison to controls, was greater than the resolution of the recording system (0.50°) and may indicate a clinically functional difference. Increased variability in rod alignment on the RFT has previously been reported in studies on neck pain ( 17 , 18 ), diabetes ( 19 ) and Parkinson’s disease ( 20 ), and may be a general indicator of neurological malfunction ( 21 ). Variability-related results in this study also reveal that there is a subgroup (about 50%) of SCZ who exceeded the upper limit for the reference range of control variability values (Mean + 2SD), having a mean greater by one degree than 2SD of the corresponding control value, indicating that SCZ who fell in this category were inconsistently aligning the rod relative to the frame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Symptom severity is associated with leftward lateralization upon contextual modulation of visual vertical in patients with schizophrenia

Razzak

Jahrami²,

Husni³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundContextual processing dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is not uniform and task-dependent. In SCZ, studies on the rod and frame test (RFT), which evaluates contextual modulation of verticality perception, are sparse. A main study that utilized a two-alternative forced choice design for judging rod verticality reported equivalent strength of RFT contextual modulation in healthy controls and SCZ. The current study aims to uncover any potential differences in contextual modulation between controls and SCZ with an adjustment method on a computerized RFT.Materials and methodsA total of 17 healthy controls and 15 SCZ aligned an oriented rod to their perceived vertical with a computer mouse under four randomized frame presentations: absent frame, non-tilted (Frame0°), or tilted by 18 degrees leftward (Frame–18°) or rightward (Frame+18°). Rod deviation error was assigned a negative or positive value when aligned leftward or rightward, respectively, of 0°. Signed and absolute errors, the rod and frame effect (RFE), and intra-individual variability (inconsistency) were used for analysis.ResultsThere was no group difference in rod alignment errors or derived measures, except that SCZ displayed greater inconsistency in rod alignment, compared to controls. The negative symptom scale (PANSS-N) scores correlated positively with the variability measure and with unsigned Frame–18° error.ConclusionsOnly the variability measure was sensitive enough to distinguish between controls and SCZ. SCZ with more severe negative symptoms had larger variability in rod alignment, probably reflecting a state of indifference. The larger deviation errors only with a leftward tilted frame, as PANSS-N scores increased, may indicate a lateralized attentional abnormality that is correlated with severity of symptoms in SCZ.

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“…These studies suggest that people with PD become reliant on vision for gait (Azulay et al, 1999;Azulay et al, 2002;Khattab et al, 2012). However many previous studies have involved visual occlusion (e.g.…”

Section: Vision and Gaitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective gait impairments are associated with deficits in visual functions (Moes and Lombardi, 2009), and exacerbated by visual manipulation in PD (Cowie et al, 2012). Studies have shown that visual functions contribute to gait control in PD (Azulay et al, 1999;Azulay et al, 2002;Khattab et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait in Parkinson’s disease: A visuo-cognitive challenge

Stuart

Lord

Hill

et al. 2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Vision and cognition have both been related to gait impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) through separate strands of research. The cumulative and interactive effect of both (which we term visuo-cognition) has not been previously investigated and little is known about the influence of cognition on vision with respect to gait. Understanding the role of vision, cognition and visuo-cognition in gait in PD is critical for data interpretation and to infer and test underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this comprehensive narrative review was to examine the interdependent and interactive role of cognition and vision in gait in PD and older adults. Evidence from a broad range of research disciplines was reviewed and summarised. A key finding was that attention appears to play a pivotal role in mediating gait, cognition and vision, and should be considered emphatically in future research in this field.

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Subjective visual vertical perception and sense of smell in Parkinson disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Changes in Rod and Frame Test Scores Recorded in Schoolchildren during Development – A Longitudinal Study

Changes in Rod and Frame Test Scores Recorded in Schoolchildren during Development – A Longitudinal Study

Symptom severity is associated with leftward lateralization upon contextual modulation of visual vertical in patients with schizophrenia

Gait in Parkinson’s disease: A visuo-cognitive challenge

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