Substratum adhesion and gliding in a diatom are mediated by extracellular proteoglycans

Lind, Jan; Heimann, Kirsten; Miller, Elizabeth A.; Vliet, Christine van; Hoogenraad, Nicholas J.; Wetherbee, Richard

doi:10.1007/s004250050184

Cited by 147 publications

(146 citation statements)

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“…Many benthic diatoms exhibit patterns of vertical migration which allow cells to move into the narrow photic zone present in the top few millimeters of sediment, and this diatom motility is closely linked to EPS production (Lind et al 1997. The postulated role of EPS in the ecosystem includes biostabilisation of sediments (Paterson 1986), a carbon source for benthic and planktonic species (Decho 1990, Underwood & Smith 1998a, and in mediating species interactions (Hoagland et al 1993).…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms

Bellinger¹,

Abdullahi²,

Gretz³

et al. 2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

122

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Benthic microalgae (microphytobenthos) are the dominant group of primary producers in many marine intertidal and subtidal habitats. Estuarine mudflat diatoms are thought to be major contributors of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are important for sediment stabilization and in benthic food chains. Biofilms from 6 sites in the Colne estuary, UK, were fractionated to isolate biopolymers (colloidal, colloidal EPS [cEPS], low molecular weight [LMW] carbohydrates, hot water [HW] and hot bicarbonate [HB] soluble) and the same techniques were applied to diatoms cultured from these sediments. At sites dominated by benthic diatoms, colloidal carbohydrate concentration and chlorophyll a were closely related. With increasing biomass, the proportion of cEPS within the colloidal fraction decreased from 60 to 20%. Carbohydrate analysis revealed significant differences in monosaccharide and uronic acid composition of different carbohydrate fractions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of monosaccharide composition of HB polymers from both field and culture samples grouped closely along fucose and rhamnose vectors and formed 2 distinct clusters. HW and LMW fractions grouped along the glucose vector and cEPS polymers along the galactose and arabinose vectors. These data indicate that the simple relationship between colloidal carbohydrate concentration and microphytobenthic biomass in biofilms masks a high degree of potential complexity within the sediment carbohydrate pool and in the different proportions of polymeric and nonpolymeric material between different biofilms. Comparing monosaccharide composition of extracts generated using the same protocol, natural assemblages showed close relationships with unialgal cultures, confirming the important role of diatom-derived polymers in mudflat ecology. KEY WORDS: Diatoms · Biofilms · Microphytobenthos · EPS · Monosaccharide distribution · Uronic acids · Biopolymers · Fractionation Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 38: [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] 2005 1993, . Many benthic diatoms exhibit patterns of vertical migration which allow cells to move into the narrow photic zone present in the top few millimeters of sediment, and this diatom motility is closely linked to EPS production (Lind et al. 1997. The postulated role of EPS in the ecosystem includes biostabilisation of sediments (Paterson 1986), a carbon source for benthic and planktonic species (Decho 1990, Underwood & Smith 1998a, and in mediating species interactions (Hoagland et al. 1993).Correlations have been measured between algal biomass (chlorophyll a [chl a] concentration) and colloidal (water-soluble) carbohydrate concentrations in estuarine sediments (Underwood & Paterson 1993, Underwood & Smith 1998b. These observations led to the publication of a model describing the relationship between sediment chl a and colloidal carbohydrate concentrations, developed using data from a number of European estuar...

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Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms

Bellinger¹,

Abdullahi²,

Gretz³

et al. 2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

122

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“…Besides the aggregation properties of EPS, these excretions are involved in cell protection (Shimada et al 1997), cell fixation mechanisms (Welch et al 1999), nutrient sequestration (Flemming & Wingender 2001) and migration of microphybenthos (Lind et al 1997). Moreover, EPS secretions represent a significant source of carbon for microbial, pelagic and benthic consumers (Decho 1990, Underwood & Smith 1998 including heterotrophic flagellates (Tranvik et al 1993), planktonic tunicates (Flood et al 1992), euphausiids (Passow & Alldredge 1999) and copepods (Decho & Moriarty 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of soluble extracellular polymeric substances and transparent exopolymer particle pools in coastal ecosystems

Klein¹,

Claquin²,

Pannard³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Time series of soluble extracellular polymeric substance (S-EPS) and transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) fractions, as well as biological, physical and chemical parameters, were studied in natural phytoplankton assemblages at 2 macrotidal sites located in the English Channel for 3 yr. The first site, the Bay des Veys (BDV), is sheltered from prevailing winds and influenced by a high river discharge, whereas the second, Lingreville-sur Mer (LGV), is exposed to the open ocean and to dominant winds. At both sites, the highest TEP concentrations were measured in spring and summer (1735 and 3604 µg equiv X l -1 at BDV and LGV, respectively) and were correlated with phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen concentrations. During the autumn and winter, TEP dynamics were not related to phytoplankton dynamics but appeared controlled by hydrodynamics. In contrast to TEP concentrations, S-EPS did not present any seasonal dynamics and was not correlated with TEP variations. The highest amount of S-EPS was recorded in spring at LGV (25.8 mg equiv. glucose l ). The S-EPS pool was separated in 2 fractions according to the molecular weight: low (LW) and high (HW). The LW fraction was produced in higher quantity than the HW fraction, and with larger temporal fluctuations. Therefore, both S-EPS fractions seem controlled by different environmental parameters depending on the season and on the studied ecosystem. The different dynamics observed for TEP and S-EPS confirm the complexity of carbon excretion processes in phytoplankton, and the results reveal different metabolic pathways and different origins for these carbon excretions. KEY WORDS: Transparent exopolymer particles · TEP · Soluble EPS · Diatoms · Eastern English Channel · Environmental parametersResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…were obtained and cultured as described by Wustman et al (1997). Stauroneis decipiens was isolated and cultured as described by Lind et al (1997). WIBS, WIBS/CPC-soluble ECM fractions of A. longipes and A. coffeaeformis, and WIBS/CPC-insoluble ECM fractions of A. longipes and A. coffeaeformis were isolated as described by Wustman et al (1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Extracellular Matrix Assembly in Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)1

et al. 1998

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Achnanthes longipes is a marine, biofouling diatom that adheres to surfaces via adhesive polymers extruded during motility or organized into structures called stalks that contain three distinct regions: the pad, shaft, and collar. Four monoclonal antibodies (AL.C1-AL.C4) and antibodies from two uncloned hybridomas (AL.E1 and AL.E2) were raised against the extracellular adhesives of A. longipes. Antibodies were screened against a hot-water-insoluble/ hot-bicarbonate-soluble-fraction.The hot-water-insoluble/hotbicarbonate-soluble fraction was fractionated to yield polymers in three size ranges: F 1 , > 20,000,000 M r ; F 2 , Х100,000 M r ; and F 3 , <10,000 M r relative to dextran standards. The Х100,000-M r fraction consisted of highly sulfated (approximately 11%) fucoglucuronogalactans (FGGs) and low-sulfate (approximately 2%) FGGs, whereas F 1 was composed of O-linked FGG (F 2 )-polypeptide (F 3 ) complexes. AL.C1, AL.C2, AL.C4, AL.E1, and AL.E2 recognized carbohydrate complementary regions on FGGs, with antigenicity dependent on fucosyl-containing side chains. AL.C3 was unique in that it had a lower affinity for FGGs and did not label any portion of the shaft. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocytochemistry indicated that low-sulfate FGGs are expelled from pores surrounding the raphe terminus, creating the cylindrical outer layers of the shaft, and that highly sulfated FGGs are extruded from the raphe, forming the central core. Antibody-labeling patterns and other evidence indicated that the shaft central-core region is related to material exuded from the raphe during cell motility.Because of the complexity of the higher-plant ECM, we have only recently begun to understand the spatial relationships between ECM components, and know little about the intra-and intermolecular interactions responsible for cell wall organization and assembly (Levy and Staehelin, 1992). McCann et al. (1990) succeeded in visualizing the intermolecular organization of the onion primary cell wall, demonstrating cross-links between cellulose and hemicellulose and a separate surrounding network made up pectic polymers. Taylor and Haigler (1993) found that cellulose serves as a template mediating the self-organization of other molecules such as xylan and Gly-rich proteins in the secondary cell walls of tracheary elements. ECM polymers appear to interact initially through short-range forces, most notably hydrogen binding. Hydrogen binding, hydrophobic interactions, and ionic cross-bridging are noncovalent associations essential to maintenance of cell wall integrity. Recently, Ca 2ϩ -dependent pectin-binding proteins were isolated (Penel and Greppin, 1996), including several vitronectin-like proteins and isoperoxidases. These results indicate that an ion-binding mechanism may be responsible for the organization of some proteins in the plant cell wall. Covalent binding may be a final step in the selfassembly process, cementing together all of the individual components of the matrix. The most common covalent linkages are: (a) sugar-s...

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Substratum adhesion and gliding in a diatom are mediated by extracellular proteoglycans

Cited by 147 publications

References 22 publications

Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms

Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms

Dynamics of soluble extracellular polymeric substances and transparent exopolymer particle pools in coastal ecosystems

Extracellular Matrix Assembly in Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)1

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Substratum adhesion and gliding in a diatom are mediated by extracellular proteoglycans

Cited by 147 publications

References 22 publications

Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms

Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms

Dynamics of soluble extracellular polymeric ­substances and transparent exopolymer particle pools in coastal ecosystems

Extracellular Matrix Assembly in Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)1

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Dynamics of soluble extracellular polymeric substances and transparent exopolymer particle pools in coastal ecosystems