Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-fiber

Bachar, Gil; Baskin, Ilya; Shtempluck, Oleg; Buks, Eyal

doi:10.1063/1.4773305

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In these devices, large active area and fill factor or optimization of the fill factor and the thickness of the SNSPD play an important role in increasing DE. To improve the fiber‐SNSPD coupling, Bachar et al . processed a meander detector directly on the optical fiber ( Figure B).…”

Section: Intrinsic Properties and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019

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Single-photon detectors and nanoscale superconducting devices are two major candidates for realizing quantum technologies. Superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) comprise these two solid-state and optic aspects enabling high-rate (1.3 Gb s −1 ) quantum key distribution over long distances (>400 km), long-range quantum communication (>1200 km), as well as space communication (239 000 miles). The attractiveness of SNSPDs stems from competitive performance in the four single-photon relevant characteristics at wavelengths ranges from UV to the mid-IR: high detection efficiency, low false-signal rate, low uncertainty in photon time arrival, and fast reset time. However, to date, these characteristics cannot be optimized simultaneously. In this review, the mechanisms that govern these four characteristics are presented, and it is demonstrated how they are affected by material properties and device design as well as by the operating conditions, allowing aware optimization of SNSPDs. Based on the evolution in the existing literature and state of the art, it is proposed how to choose or design the material and device for optimizing SNSPD performance, while possible future opportunities in the SNSPD technology are also highlighted.

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Section: Intrinsic Properties and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrinsic Properties and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019

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“…Several nanofabrication techniques have been used in SNSPDs fabrication. These include e-beam lithography (EBL) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], focused ion beam (FIB) [13], and local oxidation with an atomic force microscope (AFM) [14,15]. However, these techniques usually require expensive equipments, and are time consuming for fabricating devices with large active area and, particularly for making the multi-element devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Nb Superconducting Nanowires by Nanoimprint Lithography

Zhao

Jin

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an attractive nonconventional lithographic technique in the fabrication of superconducting nanowires for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with large effective detection areas or multi-element devices consisting of hundreds of SNSPDs, due to its low cost and high throughput. In this work, NIL was used to pattern superconducting nanowires with meander-type structures based on ultra-thin (~4 nm) Nb films deposited by DC-magnetron sputtering at room temperature. A combination of thermal-NIL and UV-NIL was exploited to transfer the meander pattern from the imprint hard mold to Nb films. The hard mold based on Si wafer was defined by e-beam lithography (EBL), which was almost nonexpendable due to the application of IPS ® as a soft mold to transfer the pattern to the imprint resist in the NIL process.The specimens fabricated by NIL keep good superconducting properties which are comparable to that by conventional EBL process.

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“…[58], Nb-C-FIBID appears to be a good candidate for fast singlephoton detection. A further enhancement of the critical current in Nb-C-FIBID can be expected for tapered current leads [50,52] which should minimize the reduction of I c in consequence of undesired current-crowding effects [22], and additional advantages of easy on-chip [59] or on-fiber [60] integration are provided by the direct-write nanofabrication technology. Furthermore, the ability to control the thickness of individual FIBID/FEBID layers with an accuracy better than 1 nm [61] should allow for the fabrication of supercondcutor/insulator superlattices for studying quantum interference, commensurability effects [62] as well as photonic crystals with superconducting layers [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-fast vortex motion in dirty Nb-C superconductor with a close-to-perfect edge barrier

Dobrovolskiy,

Vodolazov,

Porrati

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The ultra-fast dynamics of superconducting vortices harbors rich physics generic to nonequilibrium collective systems. The phenomenon of flux-flow instability (FFI), however, prevents its exploration and sets practical limits for the use of vortices in various applications. To suppress the FFI, a superconductor should exhibit a rarely achieved combination of properties: weak volume pinning, close-to-depairing critical current, and fast heat removal from heated electrons. Here, we demonstrate experimentally ultra-fast vortex motion at velocities of 10-15 km/s in a directly written Nb-C superconductor in which a close-to-perfect edge barrier orders the vortex motion at large current values. The spatial evolution of the FFI is described using the edge-controlled FFI model, implying a chain of FFI nucleation points along the sample edge and their development into self-organized Josephson-like junctions (vortex rivers). In addition, our results offer insights into the applicability of widely used FFI models and suggest Nb-C to be a good candidate material for fast single-photon detectors.

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Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-fiber

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Fabrication of Nb Superconducting Nanowires by Nanoimprint Lithography

Ultra-fast vortex motion in dirty Nb-C superconductor with a close-to-perfect edge barrier

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