Superfine powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) coatings on microfiltration membranes: Effects of milling time on contaminant removal and flux

Amaral, Pauline Aparecida Pera do; Partlan, Erin; Li, Mengfei; Lapolli, Flávio Rubens; Mefford, O. Thompson; Karanfil, Tanju; Ladner, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.034

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…3e). A similar trend was reported in a study of atrazine removal with microfiltration membrane precoated with SPAC (Amaral et al 2016). In that study, adsorption capacity decreased as D50 was reduced from ~300 to ~200 nm for one of the three studied ACs and as D50 was reduced from ~600 to ~500 nm for another AC, although the authors of the paper did not comment on the trend.…”

Section: Effects Of Particle Size On Mib Adsorption Capacitysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This technology has been applied to materials such as corundum (Stenger et al 2005), aluminum nitride (Jia et al 2015, Qiu et al 2006, Li4Ti5O12 (Han et al 2012), barium sulfate (Patel et al 2014), silica (Patel et al 2015), and crystalline pyrene (Flach et al 2016). Our research group (Pan et al 2015) and others (Amaral et al 2016 have produced AC particles with D50s of 200-250 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of decreasing activated carbon particle diameter from 30 μm to 140 nm on equilibrium adsorption capacity

et al. 2017

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The capacity of activated carbon particles with median diameters (D50s) of >∼1 μm for adsorption of hydrophobic micropollutants such as 2-methylisolborneol (MIB) increases with decreasing particle size because the pollutants are adsorbed mostly on the exterior (shell) of the particles owing to the limited diffusion penetration depth. However, particles with D50s of <1 μm have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we prepared particles with D50s of ∼30 μm-∼140 nm and evaluated their adsorption capacities for MIB and several other environmentally relevant adsorbates. The adsorption capacities for low-molecular-weight adsorbates, including MIB, deceased with decreasing particle size for D50s of less than a few micrometers, whereas adsorption capacities increased with decreasing particle size for larger particles. The oxygen content of the particles increased substantially with decreasing particle size for D50s of less than a few micrometers, and oxygen content was negatively correlated with adsorption capacity. The decrease in adsorption capacity with decreasing particle size for the smaller particles was due to particle oxidation during the micromilling procedure used to decrease D50 to ∼140 nm. When oxidation was partially inhibited, the MIB adsorption capacity decrease was attenuated. For high-molecular-weight adsorbates, adsorption capacity increased with decreasing particle size over the entire range of tested particle sizes, even though particle oxygen content increased with decreasing particle size.

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Section: Effects Of Particle Size On Mib Adsorption Capacitysupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of decreasing activated carbon particle diameter from 30 μm to 140 nm on equilibrium adsorption capacity

et al. 2017

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“…Plant operators pay closer attention to the turbidity or particle count in treated water when PAC is dosed than when PAC is not dosed (Bureau of Waterworks Tokyo Metropolitan Government 2014). Control of fine, black carbon remaining in treated water should be a critical issue, in particular, under the situation in which the application of super-fine PAC (SPAC), carbon particles with a size smaller than the conventional size, attracts attention (Amaral et al 2016, Ando et al 2010, Bonvin et al 2016, Ellerie et al 2013, Matsui et al 2004, Matsui et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing residual black particles in sand filtrate when applying super-fine powdered activated carbon: Coagulants and coagulation conditions

et al. 2018

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Because of the eminent adsorptive capacity and rate for dissolved organic molecules compared to conventionally-sized powdered activated carbon (PAC), super-fine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) is gathering momentum for use in not only the pretreatment for membrane filtration for drinking water purification but also the conventional water purification process consisting of coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and rapid sandfiltration (CSF). However, the probability of SPAC particles to leak through a sand bed is higher than that of PAC, and their strict leakage control is an issue to be challenged when applying SPAC to CSF. However, study focusing on very high particle removal, which yield residual concentrations down to around 100 particles/mL, has been very limited. A previous study mentioned that the tendency of SPAC leakage is related to its low destabilization. In response to this, the present study focused on the two key components of coagulation (mixing intensity and coagulants) and investigated how to effectively reduce the residual SPAC after CSF. Astonishingly, the flash mixing (the first process of CSF), especially its G (velocity gradient) value, played the most important role in determining the residual SPAC in the filtrate of sand filter (the fourth process). Even if the slow mixing time was short, a sufficiently large G value but short T (mixing time) value in flash mixing effectively reduced the residual SPAC. When the total GT value of flash and slow mixing was fixed at a constant, priority should be given to flash mixing to reduce the residual SPAC. Among 23 PACl (poly-aluminum chloride) coagulants, PACl with a high-basicity (basicity 70%) and with sulfate ion (0.14 of sulfate/aluminum in molar ratio), produced by Al(OH)3dissolution, were the most effective to reduce the residual SPAC after CSF. PACls produced by base-titration, which have been intensively investigated in previous researches, were not effective due to lack of floc-formation ability. However, their Al species composition determined by the ferron method were almost the same as those of PACl by Al(OH)3dissolution, and their charge-neutralization capacities were higher. PACls produced by Al(OH)3-dissolution possessed both charge-neutralization and floc-formation abilities, but the former ability was more important to minimize the residual of SPAC.

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“…Because its particle size was smaller than powdered activated carbon, it had faster adsorption kinetics. As shown in the research of Amaral et al [29], the removal rate of atrazine by coal-based S-PAC could reach over 90%.…”

Section: Activated Carbon Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Review on Recent Treatment Technology for Herbicide Atrazine in Contaminated Environment

Liu

You

et al. 2019

IJERPH

118

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Atrazine is a kind of triazine herbicide that is widely used for weed control due to its good weeding effect and low price. The study of atrazine removal from the environment is of great significance due to the stable structure, difficult degradation, long residence time in environment, and toxicity on the organism and human beings. Therefore, a number of processing technologies are developed and widely employed for atrazine degradation, such as adsorption, photochemical catalysis, biodegradation, etc. In this article, with our previous research work, the progresses of researches about the treatment technology of atrazine are systematically reviewed, which includes the four main aspects of physicochemical, chemical, biological, and material-microbial-integrated aspects. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are summarized and the degradation mechanisms are also evaluated. Specially, recent advanced technologies, both plant-microbial remediation and the material-microbial-integrated method, have been highlighted on atrazine degradation. Among them, the plant-microbial remediation is based on the combined system of soil-plant-microbes, and the material-microbial-integrated method is based on the synergistic effect of materials and microorganisms. Additionally, future research needs to focus on the excellent removal effect and low environmental impact of functional materials, and the coordination processing of two or more technologies for atrazine removal is also highlighted.

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Superfine powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) coatings on microfiltration membranes: Effects of milling time on contaminant removal and flux

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of decreasing activated carbon particle diameter from 30 μm to 140 nm on equilibrium adsorption capacity

Effects of decreasing activated carbon particle diameter from 30 μm to 140 nm on equilibrium adsorption capacity

Minimizing residual black particles in sand filtrate when applying super-fine powdered activated carbon: Coagulants and coagulation conditions

A Review on Recent Treatment Technology for Herbicide Atrazine in Contaminated Environment

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