Supplement use in sport: is there a potentially dangerous incongruence between rationale and practice?

Petróczi, Andrea; Naughton, Declan P.

doi:10.1186/1745-6673-2-4

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Like training and/or sports gear, nutrition and DS use are efficient only in so far as they are appropriately chosen (with regard to the athlete’s specific needs) and adequately consumed (with regard to amount, frequency and timing). In addition to the potential lack of efficiency if used incorrectly, it is important to note that the inadequate selection and consumption of DSs and polypharmaceuticals can lead to serious health problems [58]. The main problem is the possible dissemination of incorrect information that is not supported by research and practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing

Rodek

Sekulić

Kondrič

2012

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundAlthough dietary supplements (DSs) in sports are considered a natural need resulting from athletes’ increased physical demands, and although they are often consumed by athletes, data on DS usage in Olympic sailing are scarce. The aim of this study was to study the use of and attitudes towards DSs and doping problems in high-level competitive sailing.MethodsThe sample consisted of 44 high-level sailing athletes (5 of whom were female; total mean age 24.13 ± 6.67 years) and 34 coaches (1 of whom was female; total mean age 37.01 ± 11.70). An extensive, self-administered questionnaire of substance use was used, and the subjects were asked about sociodemographic data, sport-related factors, DS-related factors (i.e., usage of and knowledge about DSs, sources of information), and doping-related factors. The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to determine the differences in group characteristics, and Spearman’s rank order correlation and a logistic regression analysis were used to define the relationships between the studied variables.ResultsDS usage is relatively high. More than 77% of athletes consume DSs, and 38% do so on a regular basis (daily). The athletes place a high degree of trust in their coaches and/or physicians regarding DSs and doping. The most important reason for not consuming DSs is the opinion that DSs are useless and a lack of knowledge about DSs. The likelihood of doping is low, and one-third of the subjects believe that doping occurs in sailing (no significant differences between athletes and coaches). The logistic regression found crew number (i.e., single vs. double crew) to be the single significant predictor of DS usage, with a higher probability of DS consumption among single crews.ConclusionBecause of the high consumption of DSs future investigations should focus on real nutritional needs in sailing sport. Also, since athletes reported that their coaches are the primary source of information about nutrition and DSs, further studies are necessary to determine the knowledge about nutrition, DSs and doping problems among athletes and their support teams (i.e., coaches, physicians, and strength and conditioning specialists).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing

Rodek

Sekulić

Kondrič

2012

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…O que se fez aqui foi tentar não agrupar os suplementos, para se conseguir realmente um panorama do consumo dos diferentes tipos de suplementos por adolescentes e adultos jovens freqüentadores de academias. O uso de suplementos na amostra estudada é superior ao consumo de suplementos descrito para freqüentadores de academias (27-40%) (13,(16)(17)(18) , atletas (40 a 60%) (11,19) , para a população em geral (35 a 40%) (11) , e para adolescentes (27%) (20) . O fato de a maior parte dos usuários de suplementos ser da faixa dos 15 a 19 anos sugere que os adolescentes são mais vulneráveis à influência dos apelos desses produtos, uma vez que nessa idade o desejo por resultados rápidos é maior.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Consumo de suplementos por jovens freqüentadores de academias de ginástica em São Paulo

Hirschbruch¹,

Fisberg

Mochizuki

2008

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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A preocupação com a aparência e a estética pode levar ao consumo indiscriminado de suplementos nas academias. Os fatores relacionados ao consumo de suplementos em 201 jovens entre 15 e 25 anos freqüentadores de academias de ginástica da cidade de São Paulo foram investigados através da aplicação de formulário próprio. O uso de suplementos é relatado por 61,2% (n = 123) da amostra. Os homens usam mais suplementos que as mulheres (p < 0,001) e os adolescentes tendem a utilizar mais que os adultos jovens (p = 0,07). Os suplementos mais utilizados são bebidas esportiva (12%), hipercalóricos (12%), aminoácidos (10%), proteínas (10%) e creatina (8%), basicamente por auto-prescrição (42,8%) e pela indicação de treinadores (27,5%). O consumo de suplementos é significativamente maior entre aqueles que se exercitam há mais tempo; freqüentam a academia há mais tempo; e ficam na academia mais horas/semana. Ter amigos usuários (p = 0,03) e/ou um usuário em casa (p = 0,01) influencia no consumo de suplementos. O consumo de suplementos é uma prática que faz parte da realidade das academias de ginástica e o ambiente é favorecedor do uso desses produtos.Palavras-chave: suplementação, adolescentes, nutrição esportiva. ABSTRACTThe concern with physical appearance and aesthetics in fitness centers can lead to an indiscriminate use of supplements. A questionnaire was used to investigate factors relating to supplement use among 201 young users of fitness centers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Supplement use was reported by 61.2% (n = 23) of the sample. Men use more supplements than women (p < 0.001) and adolescents tend to use them more than young adults (p = 0.07). The supplements most used by this group are sports drinks (12%); high-calorie "gainers" (12%), amino acids (10%), proteins (10%) and creatine (8%). The supplements are taken trough own initiative (42.8%) and trainers' recommendation (27.5%). Those who have been exercising for a longer time, go more often to the fitness centers, and devote more time to exercise/week are significantly more involved in supplement use. The presence of user friends (p = 0.03) and/or a user at home (p = 0.01) also influences on the use of supplements. Supplement use is a widespread, common practice at fitness centers, whose environment favors their use.Keywords: supplements, fitness centers, adolescents, sports nutrition. INTRODUÇÃOA academia de ginástica é um local para a prática de exercícios físicos por indivíduos sem vínculos profissionais com o esporte. O ambiente das academias favorece a disseminação de padrões estéti-cos estereotipados, como o corpo magro, com baixa quantidade de gordura ou com elevado volume e tônus muscular (1) . Há pressão da sociedade e da mídia em relação ao corpo padrão, contribuindo para o aumento no uso de suplementos e anabolizantes (2) . Jovens fisicamente ativos são os usuários mais freqüentes de suplementos e podem enfrentar riscos. A maioria dos jovens acredita que os suplementos são eficazes (3)(4)(5) . Estudos mostram que os jovens estão preocupados co...

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“…These methods have shown to increase performance in various exercise settings. However, the use of ergogenic aids is the most common method to increase exercise performance, because .60% of athletes worldwide use some form of ergogenic aid (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Performance in Trained Men

Barber¹,

McDermott²,

McGaughey

et al. 2013

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation independently increase exercise performance, but it remains unclear whether combining these 2 supplements is more beneficial on exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of combining creatine monohydrate and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance. Thirteen healthy, trained men (21.1 ± 0.6 years, 23.5 ± 0.5 kg·m(-2), 66.7 ± 5.7 ml·(kg·m)(-1) completed 3 conditions in a double-blinded, crossover fashion: (a) Placebo (Pl; 20 g maltodextrin + 0.5 g·kg(-1) maltodextrin), (b) Creatine (Cr; 20 g + 0.5 g·kg(-1) maltodextrin), and (c) Creatine plus sodium bicarbonate (Cr + Sb; 20 g + 0.5 g·kg(-1) sodium bicarbonate). Each condition consisted of supplementation for 2 days followed by a 3-week washout. Peak power, mean power, relative peak power, and bicarbonate concentrations were assessed during six 10-second repeated Wingate sprint tests on a cycle ergometer with a 60-second rest period between each sprint. Compared with Pl, relative peak power was significantly higher in Cr (4%) and Cr + Sb (7%). Relative peak power was significantly lower in sprints 4-6, compared with that in sprint 1, in both Pl and Cr. However, in Cr + Sb, sprint 6 was the only sprint significantly lower compared with sprint 1. Pre-Wingate bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher in Cr + Sb (10%), compared with in Pl and Cr, and mean concentrations remained higher after sprint 6, although not significantly. Combining creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation increased peak and mean power and had the greatest attenuation of decline in relative peak power over the 6 repeated sprints. These data suggest that combining these 2 supplements may be advantageous for athletes participating in high-intensity, intermittent exercise.

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Supplement use in sport: is there a potentially dangerous incongruence between rationale and practice?

Abstract: Background: Supplement use by athletes is complex and research supports the alarming notion of misinformed decisions regarding supplements.

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing

Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing

Consumo de suplementos por jovens freqüentadores de academias de ginástica em São Paulo

Effects of Combined Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Performance in Trained Men

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