Suppression of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases of Cucumber Plants by Using the Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lyophyllum decastes and Pleurotus eryngii

Abstract

The protective effect of autoclaved water extract from spent mushroom substrate (AWESMS) and autoclaved spent mushroom substrate (ASMS) of the edible mushrooms Lyophyllum decastes (hatakeshimeji) and Pleurotus eryngii (eringi) against fungal and bacterial diseases was investigated on cucumber plants. When the plants were treated with AWESMS by spraying the first true leaves and inoculated with the target pathogen 7 days later, AWESMS of hatakeshimeji significantly reduced powdery mildew by Podosphaera xanthii, angular leaf spot by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, but not Corynespora leaf spot by Corynespora cassiicola and scab by Cladosporium cucumerinum. When the plants were grown in a mixture (1 : 2, v/v) of ASMS of hatakeshimeji and soil, a significant disease reduction was observed in powdery mildew, scab and angular leaf spot. The protective effect was also observed against anthracnose on plants treated with AWESMS or on plants grown in a mixture of ASMS of eringi (1 : 3, v/v). Our results indicated that AWESMS and ASMS, independently of the mushroom type, provide a protective effect against fungal and bacterial diseases. Therefore, SMS should be considered an easily available source of active compounds to protect plants from fungal and bacteria infections, helping alleviate the waste disposal problem in the mushroom industry and creating an environmentally friendly method to reduce plant pathogens.

Induction of defense responses by extracts of spent mushroom substrates in rice

“…5) Arase et al (2013) reported that spraying a water extract of the SMS of Lyophyllum decastes (hatakeshimeji) suppressed the development of lesions caused by infection with rice blast fungus 6) (Pyricularia oryzae; syn: Magnaporthe oryzae 7) ). Similarly, Parada et al (2012) found that the treating cucumber seedlings with SMSs of Ly. decastes and Pl.…”

“…edodes and H. marmoreus induced resistance to Alternaria sooty spot caused by Alternaria brassicicola in cabbage. 9) These protective effects of SMS treatment were attributed to the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) 8) because of the lack of antifungal activity in the extracts. Indeed, the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum) against Phytophthora blight disease has been induced by treatment with a water extract of the SMS of Le.…”

Identification of antifungal compounds in the spent mushroom substrate of <i>Lentinula edodes</i>

“…lachrymans but not Corynespora leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola or scab caused by Cladosporium cucumerinum. 7) The water extracts of SMS did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against the above fungal and bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the authors suggested that the protective effects of SMS were attributable to the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by SMS treatment.…”

“…6) Parada et al (2012) investigated the effect of SMS treatment on fungal and bacterial diseases of cucumber plants. 7) They sprayed water extracts of the SMSs of Ly. decastes and Pl.…”

Residual polysaccharides from fungi reduce the bacterial spot in tomato plants

“…Then, 500 g of fresh residual substrate were mixed with 1.5 L of distilled water and autoclaved (30 min, 120 °C). After cooling, the product was filtered and an aqueous extract of substrate (ESPO) was made (Parada et al 2012).…”