Synergistic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on bone regeneration of calvarial defects in rabbits

Abstract

Bone tissue regeneration techniques include tissue engineering approaches which employ mesenchymal stem cells as an osteogenic agent for bone repair. Recent studies have demonstrated that tissue engineering scaffolds and growth factors can support cell proliferation, bone formation, and bone tissue repair in lost bone tissue. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve bone regeneration due to the numerous growth factors that it contains. This study was performed to investigate the influence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and PRP on bone regeneration of calvarial defects in rabbits. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was used as a scaffold for bone regeneration. There were three groups in this experiment: 1) HA loaded with BMMSCs (HS group), 2) HA loaded with PRP (HP group), and 3) HA loaded with BMMSCs and PRP (HSP group). Two circular bony defects (6 mm in diameter) were made in rabbit calvaria using a trephine bur. BMMSCs and PRP with a HA scaffold (diameter 5.5 mm, height 3 mm) were applied to each defect. The animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The level of their ability of osteogenesis was evaluated through histological and histomorphometric analyses. High-quality bone regeneration was observed in the HSP group. The percentage of new bone area around the scaffolds was higher in the HSP group than it was in the other groups (HS and HP group), especially at 8 weeks (HS, 72.5±15 %; HP, 85.8±14 %; HSP, 98.8±2.5%). In addition, the level of bone maturation was higher in the HSP group than in the other groups. The results of this study show that PRP has a positive effect on bone generation. HA with a combination of BMMSCs and PRP can enhance bone regeneration. In addition, the growth factor capacity of PRP may affect the differentiation of BMMSCs and promote bone formation.

The effects of combined low level laser therapy and mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects

“…However, it led to relatively higher amounts of bone formation after just 21 days and if the samples were assessed for a longer period of time, it might have made a bigger difference. Similar results were obtained by Yun et al, who investigated synergistic effects of BMMSCs and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on bone regeneration [24]. They used calvarial defects of 6 mm diameter and hydroxyapatite as the scaffold for MSCs.…”

“…However, they reported significantly higher bone formation in the experimental group after 12 weeks. Additional studies that also reported similar short term results in regards to application of MSCs in rabbits, indicate that using MSCs in regards to improving bone regeneration requires more than 3 weeks to be efficient [24]. However, in a recent experimental study Choi et al reported significantly higher amount of bone formation just after 2 weeks by using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeded ADM on 4 mm calvarial defects of mice [11].…”

“…Furthermore, this delayed bone formation could be due to the time that MSCs need to differentiate into functional osteoblasts. However, after a short period of time, MSCs contribute to new bone formation and accelerate the healing process [7,24,25]. High levels of inflammation in groups SC and SCL could be another contributing factor to reduced bone formation.…”

Evaluating the bone regeneration in calvarial defect using osteoblasts differentiated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on three different scaffolds: an animal study

“…It has been also demonstrated that bone regeneration and cell proliferation in lost bone tissue can be enhanced by the application of tissue engineered scaffolds (Yun et al 2012). PLGA has been considered as a popular polymer in the tissue engineering field.…”

Application of Bioreactor Concept and Modeling Techniques to Bone Regeneration and Augmentation Treatments

“…It is now known that they also aid in the transport of GFs at the beginning of the healing processes [39]. Platelets may act as natural biological mediators, regulating cellular processes during tissue regeneration, including chemotaxis, extracellular matrix differentiation, and synthesis, by binding to specific cell surface receptors [40].…”