Temperature dependency of carbohydrase activity in the hepatopancreas of thirteen estuarine and coastal bivalve species from the North American east coast

Brock, V.; Kennedy, Victor S.; Brock, Axel

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(86)90134-6

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similar to clams fed with the control diet, amylase and cellulase complex were the most active enzymes in the digestive glands of T. dombeii fed toxic algae, while laminarinase activity remained lower than the activities of the other enzymes. This finding agrees with Brock and Kennedy (1992) who reported high laminarinase levels in style extracts of C. virginica, whereas low laminarinase activity was reported in oyster diverticula extracts (Brock et al 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our findings are in agreement with the work of Teo and Sabapathy (1990), who established that the high variability in digestive enzymes in bivalves may be due to differences in diet, since detritus particles originating from vascular plants and green algae contain starch and cellulose, whereas those from brown algae contain laminarin and cellulose. Brock et al (1986) report that live particles also differ in the amount of carbohydrates that constitute them: Dinoflagellates and green algae contain starch and cellulose whereas cyanobacteria contain starch, and diatoms contain laminarin. Ibarrola et al (1996) stated that cellulase activity is essential for nutrient acquisition when food is composed of cellulose walls, since the cellulase complex liberates organic compounds that occur naturally in cellulose walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Brock et al (1986), the enzyme production can be regulated by external factors such as food availability and composition so the response observed for laminarinase activity of Tagelus fed with control diets (see Table 7) can be derived from control diet composition (60 % T-ISO). These algae contain laminarin as the main carbohydrate (Robert et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic digestive activity and absorption efficiency in Tagelus dombeii upon Alexandrium catenella exposure

et al. 2013

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We analyzed absorption efficiency (AE) and digestive enzyme activity (amylase, cellulase complex, and laminarinase) of the infaunal bivalve Tagelus dombeii originating from two geographic sites, Corral-Valdivia and Melinka-Aysén, which have different long-term paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) exposure rates. We report the effects of past feeding history (origin) on T. dombeii exposed to a mixed diet containing the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and another dinoflagellate-free control diet over a 12-day period in the laboratory. Absorption efficiency values of T. dombeii individuals that experienced PSP exposure in their habitat (Melinka-Aysén) remained unchanged during exposure to toxic food in the laboratory. In contrast, T. dombeii from a non-PSP exposure field site (Corral-Valdivia) showed a significant reduction in AE with toxic exposure time. This study established that the amylase and cellulase complexes were the most important enzymes in the digestive glands of Tagelus from both sites. The temporal evolution of enzymatic activity under toxic diet was fitted to exponential (amylase and cellulase) and to a logarithmic (laminarinase) models. In all fits, we found significant effect of origin in the model parameters. At the beginning of the experiment, higher enzymatic activity was observed for clams from Corral-Valdivia. The amylase activity decreased with time exposure for individuals from Corral and increased for individuals from Melinka. Cellulase activity did not vary over time for clams from Corral, but increased for individuals from Melinka and laminarinase activity decreased over time for individuals from Corral and remained unchanged over time for Melinka. A feeding history of exposure to the dinoflagellate A. catenella was reflected in the digestive responses of both T. dombeii populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic digestive activity and absorption efficiency in Tagelus dombeii upon Alexandrium catenella exposure

et al. 2013

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“…Against the background of the OCLTT concept, these animals may have been at the lower end of their thermal window too long. Factors reflecting insufficient functional capacity that might have decreased fitness and survival rate in the cold include insufficient food uptake and digestion capacities in the cold as enzymes operate below the thermal optimum (Brock et al 1986), and/or ciliate beat frequency may be insufficient (Riisgård and Larsen 2007). However, we observed no difference in condition or muscle indices between 4°C-and 10°C-exposed scallops, and our overall means of condition index (11.48 ± 1.31, N = 46) and muscle index (3.54 ± 0.48, N = 46) are comparable to literature data of P. maximus showing CIs of 6-10 and MIs of 3-6 in positively growing specimens (Pazos et al 1997, CI was calculated from reported tissue and shell weights).…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ocean acidification on escape performance of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, from Norway

et al. 2012

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The ongoing process of ocean acidification already affects marine life, and according to the concept of oxygen and capacity limitation of thermal tolerance, these effects may be intensified at the borders of the thermal tolerance window. We studied the effects of elevated CO 2 concentrations on clapping performance and energy metabolism of the commercially important scallop Pecten maximus. Individuals were exposed for at least 30 days to 4°C (winter) or to 10°C (spring/summer) at either ambient (0.04 kPa, normocapnia) or predicted future PCO 2 levels (0.11 kPa, hypercapnia). Cold-exposed (4°C) groups revealed thermal stress exacerbated by PCO 2 indicated by a high mortality overall and its increase from 55 % under normocapnia to 90 % under hypercapnia. We therefore excluded the 4°C groups from further experimentation. Scallops at 10°C showed impaired clapping performance following hypercapnic exposure. Force production was significantly reduced although the number of claps was unchanged between normocapnia-and hypercapnia-exposed scallops. The difference between maximal and resting metabolic rate (aerobic scope) of the hypercapnic scallops was significantly reduced compared with normocapnic animals, indicating a reduction in net aerobic scope. Our data confirm that ocean acidification narrows the thermal tolerance range of scallops resulting in elevated vulnerability to temperature extremes and impairs the animal's performance capacity with potentially detrimental consequences for its fitness and survival in the ocean of tomorrow.

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“…The extracellular digestive enzymes of bivalves, including oysters, comprise especially cellulases, amylases and laminarinases (Brock et al 1986). Oysters are thus capable of degrading the major organic components present in detritus (Newell & Langdon 1986).…”

Section: Crepidula Fornicatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of natural food sources by two sympatric, invasive suspension-feeders: Crassostrea gigas and Crepidula fornicata

Decottignies¹,

Beninger²,

Rincé³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The natural diets of the introduced suspension-feeders Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) and Crepidula fornicata (L.) were determined at a mid-latitudinal oyster-farming site within their European range (Bourgneuf Bay, France). Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope deviations of Pacific oysters and slipper limpets were compared with potential food sources on 3 sampling dates (March, July and November 2003). Four end-members were assimilated by the 2 species: C 3 angiosperm detritus, macroalgae-C 4 plant detritus, marine phytoplankton and benthic diatoms. Given the lack of source digestibility data for suspension-feeders, and these 2 species in particular, extreme feasible combinations of relative end-member contributions were calculated according to 2 assimilation scenarios, using either IsoSource software or a concentration-dependent model. For both Crassostrea gigas and Crepidula fornicata, benthic and planktonic microalgae dominated diets on the 3 sampling dates. Planktonic microalgae were ingested in greater proportions than benthic species in July and November; however, benthic diatoms also formed a constant and significant part of diets in these months, and were consumed in greater proportions than planktonic species in March. Plant (especially macroalgal) detritus played a major role in the diets of the 2 suspension-feeders, notably in March 2003 when it became the principal ingested source. The substantial contribution of plant detritus to the natural diets of these species has not previously been reported. Although Crassostrea gigas and Crepidula fornicata showed significantly different isotopic deviations in March and July 2003, trophic niches of Crassostrea gigas and Crepidula fornicata overlapped on all 3 sampling dates, with a greater ingestion of identical sources in November. These 2 invasive species could therefore be trophic competitors in the context of end-member supply limitation. Contrary to previous analyses conducted on these 2 species in Europe, this study reports significant dietary overlap. Ecosystemspecific diet studies of invasive species are thus necessary in order to understand trophic overlap/ competition as a function of the diversity and availability of local food sources.

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Temperature dependency of carbohydrase activity in the hepatopancreas of thirteen estuarine and coastal bivalve species from the North American east coast

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Enzymatic digestive activity and absorption efficiency in Tagelus dombeii upon Alexandrium catenella exposure

Enzymatic digestive activity and absorption efficiency in Tagelus dombeii upon Alexandrium catenella exposure

Impact of ocean acidification on escape performance of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, from Norway

Exploitation of natural food sources by two sympatric, invasive suspension-feeders: Crassostrea gigas and Crepidula fornicata

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