Temperature-Independent Curvature Sensor Using FBG Cladding Modes Based on a Core Misaligned Splice

Gouveia, C.; Jorge, P. A. S.; Baptista, J. M.; Frazão, Orlando

doi:10.1109/lpt.2011.2138125

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Changes in transmitted and reflected optical spectra can be used to interrogate physical and chemical parameters [69,70,71,72]. In order to improve the sensitivity of intensity-referenced sensors, diverse post-processing operations are utilized to couple light from the core mode into cladding modes [73,74,75,76]. These cladding modes have unique mode field shapes and distribution over the cross-section of fiber, and thus they can respond differently to perturbations within and outside the fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Oil Industry

Qiao

Shao

Bao

et al. 2017

Sensors

173

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With the oil and gas industry growing rapidly, increasing the yield and profit require advances in technology for cost-effective production in key areas of reservoir exploration and in oil-well production-management. In this paper we review our group’s research into fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and their applications in the oil industry, especially in the well-logging field. FBG sensors used for seismic exploration in the oil and gas industry need to be capable of measuring multiple physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, and acoustic waves in a hostile environment. This application requires that the FBG sensors display high sensitivity over the broad vibration frequency range of 5 Hz to 2.5 kHz, which contains the important geological information. We report the incorporation of mechanical transducers in the FBG sensors to enable enhance the sensors’ amplitude and frequency response. Whenever the FBG sensors are working within a well, they must withstand high temperatures and high pressures, up to 175 °C and 40 Mpa or more. We use femtosecond laser side-illumination to ensure that the FBGs themselves have the high temperature resistance up to 1100 °C. Using FBG sensors combined with suitable metal transducers, we have experimentally realized high- temperature and pressure measurements up to 400 °C and 100 Mpa. We introduce a novel technology of ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models using FBG sensors, which is superior to conventional seismic exploration methods. Compared with piezoelectric transducers, FBG ultrasonic sensors demonstrate superior sensitivity, more compact structure, improved spatial resolution, high stability and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). In the last section, we present a case study of a well-logging field to demonstrate the utility of FBG sensors in the oil and gas industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Oil Industry

Qiao

Shao

Bao

et al. 2017

Sensors

173

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“…The sensors are mainly based on fiber grating [1], multimode fiber (MMF) [2], and MachZehnder interferometer (MZI) [3,4], as examples. Among them, allfiber bending sensor plays an important role in fiber optic sensor field by monitoring the wavelength shift or energy variation in the transmission spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive bending sensor based on multimode–multimode–coreoffset fiber structure

Sun

et al. 2015

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…However most of these core-offset structures were used to act as sensing segments in the reported papers. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Cao et al reported a switchable dual-wavelength fiber laser based on core-offset structure. 17 This laser was fabricated by using a FBG in a core-offset structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable and switchable fiber laser based on modal interference

Sun

et al. 2015

Mod. Phys. Lett. B

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A tunable and switchable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser based on modal interference has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. Here a core-offset structure has been used to excite the cladding modes and a segment of polarization maintaining fiber inserted in a Sagnac loop interferometer has been used as wavelength selective component. By adjusting the statement of polarization controller (PC) and the bending of the core-offset structure, a tunable and switchable fiber laser with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of more than 50 dB has been achieved in this paper.

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Temperature-Independent Curvature Sensor Using FBG Cladding Modes Based on a Core Misaligned Splice

Cited by 66 publications

References 10 publications

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Oil Industry

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Oil Industry

Highly sensitive bending sensor based on multimode–multimode–coreoffset fiber structure

Tunable and switchable fiber laser based on modal interference

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