Temporal Analysis of the Honey Bee Microbiome Reveals Four Novel Viruses and Seasonal Prevalence of Known Viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia

Runckel, Charles; Flenniken, Michelle L.; Engel, Juan C.; Ruby, J. Graham; Ganem, Donald; Andino, Raul; DeRisi, Joseph L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020656

Cited by 392 publications

(547 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Notable viruses such as the Lake Sinai viruses (LSV 1 and 2) have been recorded in North America (Runckel et al . 2011) and Europe (Granberg et al . 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sting in the spit: widespread cross‐infection of multipleRNAviruses across wild and managed bees

McMahon

Fürst

Caspar

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

256

285

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Summary Declining populations of bee pollinators are a cause of concern, with major repercussions for biodiversity loss and food security. RNA viruses associated with honeybees represent a potential threat to other insect pollinators, but the extent of this threat is poorly understood.This study aims to attain a detailed understanding of the current and ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease (EID) transmission between managed and wild pollinator species across a wide range of RNA viruses.Within a structured large‐scale national survey across 26 independent sites, we quantify the prevalence and pathogen loads of multiple RNA viruses in co‐occurring managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild bumblebee (Bombus spp.) populations. We then construct models that compare virus prevalence between wild and managed pollinators.Multiple RNA viruses associated with honeybees are widespread in sympatric wild bumblebee populations. Virus prevalence in honeybees is a significant predictor of virus prevalence in bumblebees, but we remain cautious in speculating over the principle direction of pathogen transmission. We demonstrate species‐specific differences in prevalence, indicating significant variation in disease susceptibility or tolerance. Pathogen loads within individual bumblebees may be high and in the case of at least one RNA virus, prevalence is higher in wild bumblebees than in managed honeybee populations.Our findings indicate widespread transmission of RNA viruses between managed and wild bee pollinators, pointing to an interconnected network of potential disease pressures within and among pollinator species. In the context of the biodiversity crisis, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting a wide range of pathogens and defining host associations when considering potential drivers of population decline.

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“…Notable viruses such as the Lake Sinai viruses (LSV 1 and 2) have been recorded in North America (Runckel et al . 2011) and Europe (Granberg et al . 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sting in the spit: widespread cross‐infection of multipleRNAviruses across wild and managed bees

McMahon

Fürst

Caspar

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

256

285

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Library preparation was performed as described previously (37). Briefly, 4 μL of DNase-treated RNA was used for RT with the following conditions: 3Sol_N primer (final concentration, 8 μM) was mixed with RNA and denatured at 65°C for 5 min before incubation on ice for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Chandriani

Skewes-Cox

Zhong

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

182

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Theiler's disease is an acute hepatitis in horses that is associated with the administration of equine blood products; its etiologic agent has remained unknown for nearly a century. Here, we used massively parallel sequencing to explore samples from a recent Theiler's disease outbreak. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the short sequence reads identified a 10.5-kb sequence from a previously undescribed virus of the Flaviviridae family, which we designate "Theiler's disease-associated virus" (TDAV). Phylogenetic analysis clusters TDAV with GB viruses of the recently proposed Pegivirus genus, although it shares only 35.3% amino acid identity with its closest relative, GB virus D. An epidemiological survey of additional horses from three separate locations supports an association between TDAV infection and acute serum hepatitis. Experimental inoculation of horses with TDAV-positive plasma provides evidence that several weeks of viremia preceded liver injury and that liver disease may not be directly related to the level of viremia. Like hepatitis C virus, the best characterized Flaviviridae species known to cause hepatitis, we find TDAV is capable of efficient parenteral transmission, engendering acute and chronic infections associated with a diversity of clinical presentations ranging from subclinical infection to clinical hepatitis.epidemiology | veterinary virology | metagenomics | deep sequencing | pathogen discovery

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“…LSV has only recently been described in adult honeybees (Runckel et al 2011) and was only found in three adult samples from Benin (Amakpe et al 2015). The transmission routes and associations of this virus with other pathogens or parasites are unknown (de Miranda et al 2013).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee health in Africa—a review

Pirk¹,

Strauss²,

Yusuf³

et al. 2015

Apidologie

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-Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pathogens and parasites and the negative effects thereof on honeybee populations remain an issue of public concern and the subject of active research. Africa with its high genetic diversity of honeybee sub-species and large wild population is also exposed to various factors responsible for colony losses in other parts of the world. Apart from the current American foulbrood epidemic in the Western Cape of South Africa, no large-scale colony losses have been reported elsewhere on the continent. We discuss the presence of pathogens, parasites, pests and predators of African honeybees as well as the threats they face in relation to habitat changes arising from the impact of increased human populations. In addition, we discuss current efforts aimed at protecting and promoting the health of African honeybees.honeybees / Africa / honeybee health / pathogens / parasites / pests / predators / habitat loss

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Temporal Analysis of the Honey Bee Microbiome Reveals Four Novel Viruses and Seasonal Prevalence of Known Viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia

Cited by 392 publications

References 95 publications

A sting in the spit: widespread cross‐infection of multipleRNAviruses across wild and managed bees

A sting in the spit: widespread cross‐infection of multipleRNAviruses across wild and managed bees

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Honeybee health in Africa—a review

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