Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China (1990–2012)

He, Ping; Yang, Liping; Xu, Xinpeng; Zhao, Shicheng; Chen, Fang; Li, Shutian; Tu, Shuangshuang; Jin, Jian; Johnston, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2015.01.003

Cited by 89 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There was great spatial variation for K input and output which was correlated with the different crops and soil fertility [ 30 , 43 ]. Results in this study indicated that K input and output increased dramatically with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the proportion of K removal in output for cereals crops (low K uptake) decreased from 70.2% to 55.8%, but it increased from 8.7% to 24.1% for fruit & vegetables (high K uptake) in the past four decades. However, the input and output in the NW were lower over the past four decades than those in other regions because of the low chemical K fertilizer application and low crop yields [ 43 , 44 ]. On one hand, over-reliance on the imported K fertilizer and the increasing cost limited the use of K fertilizer [ 13 , 24 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, chemical fertilizer application in the SE increased dramatically with economic development, leading to a substantial surplus in the K balance. Another important reason for the improved K balance is that more crop residues were returned back to soils with the development of agricultural mechanization [ 43 ]. In addition, K balance in the NE was still deficient which indicated that K input in the NE was insufficient to meet crop production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial variation of potassium balance in agricultural land at national and regional levels in China

Liu

Ding

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Linking potassium (K) balance to soil fertility creates a valuable indicator for sustainability assessment in agricultural land-use systems. It is crucial for the efficient use of K resources, food security and resource sustainability to realize soil K balance status in China. Therefore, temporal and spatial changes of K balance for farmland in China from 1980 to 2015 were analyzed at national and regional levels using statistical data and related parameters. At the national scale, K input increased from 6.78 Mt K2O in 1980 to 23.44 Mt K2O in 2015 with an average annual increment of 0.48 Mt K2O, and output changed from 8.10 Mt in 1980 to 21.31 Mt in 2015 with an average annual increment of 0.38 Mt K2O as well. On average, K balance was -24.17, -5.92, 21.31 and 19.50 kg K2O ha-1 in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, respectively. Moreover, the average balance of six regions was considerably different which were -21.37, 1.25, 13.70, -22.79, 99.22 and 7.18 kg K2O ha-1 from 1980 to 2015. The potassium use efficiency (KUE) decreased with time which were 127.09, 104.35, 87.69 and 89.69% in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, respectively, and the decline of slope could also reflect the variation tendency of KUE. Great variation of K balance across different regions demonstrated that fertilizer application and management practices need to be adjusted to local conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial variation of potassium balance in agricultural land at national and regional levels in China

Liu

Ding

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…The application rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers have increased annually, whereas the application rate of fertilizer K is still insufficient [14,15]. Indeed, the world's agricultural lands suffer from severe soil K deficiencies [16], especially in Africa [17], Asia [18], and Europe [19]. One reason for the K deficiency is that K fertilizer always lacks attention, and farmers generally believe that K fertilizer does not effectively increase crop yields compared to N and P fertilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to Potassium Application and Economic Optimum K Rate of Maize under Different Soil Indigenous K Supply

et al. 2018

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Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for maintaining crop productivity, but the economic benefit of K fertilizer often has been neglected. We collected a database from 60 maize field experimental sites in Northeast China between 2005 and 2012 to study the impacts of potassium (K) application rates on yield, K concentrations in grain and straw, plant K uptake, and to evaluate the economic optimum K rate (EOKR) for maize under different levels of soil indigenous K supply (IKS). The results showed that the average maize yield in K rec treatment (the recommended K rate) was highest and was 32.1% higher than that in K 0 treatment (no K fertilization). Compared to K 0 , the application of K did not significantly increase grain K concentration, whereas it significantly increased K concentration in the straw. Plant K uptake in K 150 treatment (150% of the recommended K rate) was higher than that in K rec treatment, but grain yield was lower than that in K rec treatment. Thus, the result indicates that luxury K absorption occurred in K 150% treatment due to excessive K application. Thus, the application rate of K should be further optimized. Based on the modified Mitscherlich model, the average economic optimum K rate (EONR) was 135.24, 124.27, and 96.54 kg K 2 O/ha for the low, medium, and high levels of soil indigenous K supply (IKS), respectively. The average economic optimum yield (EOY) at a high IKS level was similar to the average yield in K rec treatment, whereas the EOKR could reduce by a K rate of 37.9-63.7 kg K 2 O/ha compared to K rec treatment. This study highlights the importance of K application to improve grain yield and provides a promising fertilizer recommendation method for minimizing fertilizer inputs and optimizing maize production.

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“…Using 58,559 soil samples, the spatial variability of soil available potassium (K) was studied and the variability was confirmed by the related yield results. Moreover, the anisotropy of soil available phosphorus (P) was analyzed as well [30,31]. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil quality and its conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Irrigation Mode and Spatio-Temporal Variability Characteristics of Soil Moisture Content in Different Growth Stages of Winter Wheat

Yang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Water

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To advance site-specific management of soil volumetric moisture content (VMC), this study analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of soil VMC using the method of sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) during the different growth stages of winter wheat. This was compared with data measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) which is a well-established electromagnetic technique to measure soil VMC. The spatial autocorrelation coefficient of VMC indicated the strongest clustering of VMC in the tillering stage, and the least clustering of VMC in the harvest stage. A threshold of VMC in topsoil in the jointing stage of winter wheat was put forward. This threshold is 26, signifying that at a lower value, irrigation should be performed and irrigation efficiencies can be improved. Stable and sub-stable areas in the spatial variability maps of VMC were identified in the winter wheat jointing stage. Furthermore, the optimal irrigation stage was the early jointing stage, and irrigation was performed once as a guide. A loose-couple spatial model was constructed using the VMC in topsoil and the volume of water for irrigation. The VMC in the jointing stage of winter wheat was linked with efficient and water-saving irrigation.

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Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China (1990–2012)

Cited by 89 publications

References 21 publications

Temporal and spatial variation of potassium balance in agricultural land at national and regional levels in China

Temporal and spatial variation of potassium balance in agricultural land at national and regional levels in China

Responses to Potassium Application and Economic Optimum K Rate of Maize under Different Soil Indigenous K Supply

Optimal Irrigation Mode and Spatio-Temporal Variability Characteristics of Soil Moisture Content in Different Growth Stages of Winter Wheat

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