Ten years later: still a high prevalence of MRSA in slaughter pigs despite a significant reduction in antimicrobial usage in pigs the Netherlands

Dierikx, Cindy; Hengeveld, Paul; Veldman, Kees; Haan, Angela de; Voorde, Sanne van der; Dop, Petra Y.; Bosch, Thijs; Duijkeren, Engeline van

doi:10.1093/jac/dkw190

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The frequent isolation of MRSA in pigs (99%) detected in our study is similar to the rates reported by other European countries with high pig farming densities, namely the Netherlands [15]. To the best of our knowledge, the study described in this communication represents the first surveillance of MRSA carriage in pigs and farmer workers in independent large (3000 pigs) pigs production holdings in Portugal.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Frequent isolation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 among healthy pigs in Portugal

2017

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BackgroundAlthough livestock-associated ST398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been widely reported in different geographic regions, MRSA carriage studies among healthy pigs in Portugal are very limited.Methods and findingsIn total, 101 swine nasal samples from two Portuguese farms were screened for MRSA. In addition five swine workers (including one veterinary and one engineer) and four household members were nasally screened. The isolates were characterized by spa typing, SCCmec typing and MLST. All isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of mecA and mecC genes, and virulence determinants.MRSA prevalence in swine was 99% (100/101), 80% (4/5) in swine workers and 25% (1/4) in household members. All isolates belonged to ST398 distributed over two spa types–t011 (57%) and t108 (42%). SCCmec type V was present in most of the isolates (n = 95; 82%) while 21 isolates amplified the mecA gene only and were classified as nontypeable. The majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (100%), clindamycin (97%), erythromycin (96%), chloramphenicol (84%) and gentamycin (69%). Notably, 12% showed resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin (MICs 3–8 μg/mL). Beta-hemolysin (81%) and gamma-hemolysin (74%) were the unique virulence determinants detected. None of the isolates harboured PVL or mecC gene.ConclusionsThis study showed a massive occurrence of ST398-MRSA in two independent swine farms, highlighting its establishment among healthy pigs in Portugal.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Nevertheless, predominant spa types differed between the two farms: spa type t011 was more frequent in Farm A (67% of the isolates) while t108 was more frequent in Farm B (75.5%) (p<0.0001). Although a wide variability of spa types have been associated to ST398-MRSA among pigs all over Europe, t011 and t108 are the most prevalent [15,20–22]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent isolation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 among healthy pigs in Portugal

2017

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“…A diagnostic strategy which uses the disc diffusion method followed by confirmation of MRSA-positive strains with the PBP2a test will be an invaluable, accurate, cost-effective and affordable option. The prevalence of MRSA (0.9%) detected by both the PBP2a and PCR assays in this study is considerably lower than the 83% to 99% in The Netherlands [30] and 70.8% in Germany [31] but higher than the 0.0% reported in Switzerland [32] and comparable to the 0.9% reported in Japan [33]. The low prevalence of MRSA in pigs at the abattoir could reflect the low prevalence (2.1%) earlier detected at the pig farm level in Trinidad and Tobago [16].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs and workers at abattoirs in Trinidad and Tobago

Stewart-Johnson

Dziva

Abdela

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a major cause of zoonotic infections, has emerged globally in livestock, particularly pigs. People with occupational contact with food producing animals are at high risk of colonization. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in pigs and abattoir workers throughout Trinidad and Tobago as well as their resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Methodology: Nasal and skin behind the ear swabs from pigs and nasal swabs from humans were enriched in Mueller Hinton broth with 6.5% sodium chloride, followed by phenol red mannitol broth with 75 mg/L aztreonam and 5 mg/L ceftizoxime. The enriched sample was then plated on both CHROMagar MRSA and Brilliance MRSA. All incubation was at 37ºC for approximately 24 h. Suspect MRSA isolates were confirmed as MRSA using the Penicillin-Binding Protein (PBP2a) test kit and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the mecA gene. Resistance of the S. aureus and MRSA isolates to 16 antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. Results: Of the 929 pigs and 44 humans sampled, MRSA strains were isolated at a frequency of 0.9% (8/929) and 2.3% (1/44) respectively. All isolates exhibited resistance to one or more of the 16 antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that pigs and workers at slaughter houses in Trinidad and Tobago harbour multidrug resistance S. aureus and MRSA. This is of public health significance as occupational exposure of humans can lead to an increased risk of infection and therapeutic failure.

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“…MRSA is a leading foodborne bacterium implicated in the food chain with associated risk to occupationally exposed workers and food animals, mainly poultry, pigs and cattle [6][7][8][9][10]. A diversity of MRSA clones, including ST398, have been associated with infection and colonization in poultry and exposed personnel worldwide [11][12][13][14] with characteristics that indicate endemicity to a particular region and production system [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Mining and Comparative Pathogenomic Analysis of An Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), Isolated in South Africa

et al. 2019

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This study undertook genome mining and comparative genomics to gain genetic insights into the dominance of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endemic clone ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), obtained from the poultry food chain in South Africa. Functional annotation of the genome revealed a vast array of similar central metabolic, cellular and biochemical networks within the endemic clone crucial for its survival in the microbial community. In-silico analysis of the clone revealed the possession of uniform defense systems, restriction-modification system (type I and IV), accessory gene regulator (type I), arginine catabolic mobile element (type II), and type 1 clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)Cas array (N = 7 ± 1), which offer protection against exogenous attacks. The estimated pathogenic potential predicted a higher probability (average Pscore ≈ 0.927) of the clone being pathogenic to its host. The clone carried a battery of putative virulence determinants whose expression are critical for establishing infection. However, there was a slight difference in their possession of adherence factors (biofilm operon system) and toxins (hemolysins and enterotoxins). Further analysis revealed a conserved environmental tolerance and persistence mechanisms related to stress (oxidative and osmotic), heat shock, sporulation, bacteriocins, and detoxification, which enable it to withstand lethal threats and contribute to its success in diverse ecological niches. Phylogenomic analysis with close sister lineages revealed that the clone was closely related to the MRSA isolate SHV713 from Australia. The results of this bioinformatic analysis provide valuable insights into the biology of this endemic clone.

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Ten years later: still a high prevalence of MRSA in slaughter pigs despite a significant reduction in antimicrobial usage in pigs the Netherlands

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Frequent isolation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 among healthy pigs in Portugal

Frequent isolation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 among healthy pigs in Portugal

Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs and workers at abattoirs in Trinidad and Tobago

Genome Mining and Comparative Pathogenomic Analysis of An Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), Isolated in South Africa

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