The amelioration of nicotine-induced reproductive impairment in male mouse by Sambucus ebulus L. fruit extract

Abstract

Nicotine as a toxic agent in cigarette smoke impairs the reproductive system. Sambucus ebulus extract (SEE) is shown to have some beneficial effects such as antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SEE on the hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis, lipid peroxidation index, antioxidant enzymes, spermatogenesis, and epididymal sperm parameters in male mice treated with nicotine. Adult male mice were divided into five groups; A: normal saline, B: 1 mg/kg nicotine, C: 1 mg/kg nicotine and 10 mg/kg SEE, D: 1 mg/kg nicotine and 50 mg/kg SEE, D: 1 mg/kg nicotine and 100 mg/kg SEE. Treatments lasted for 35 days. The spermicidal activity of SEE was tested in vitro. Sperm count, motility and morphology were assessed for fertility. Serum testosterone, prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured, using ELISA. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured, using colorimetric assays. Spermatogenesis was evaluated by Johnsen's score and morphometry in histological slides. SEE at different doses did not have any spermicidal activity. Sperm parameters were reduced in the nicotine-treated group, compared with controls (P<0.01). Nicotine reduced testosterone and LH levels (P<0.01) and increased prolactin (P<0.01). A hike in MDA and a reduction in SOD activity without change on CAT, were observed in the nicotine group. Nicotine caused hypospermatogenesis. SEE improved most of the above-mentioned parameters, especially in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Beneficial effects of SEE in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on male reproduction impairment, induced by nicotine might be partly attributed to the reduction of oxidative stress and changes in the hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis.

Alveolar gene expression of tight junction protein in nicotine rats treated with zinc and vitamin D

“…The conversion of nicotine into OH• is responsible for the majority of its harmful effects on tissues, including lipid peroxidation (Mohammadghasemi et al 2021). DNA, proteins, and enzymes, particularly lipid peroxidation enzymes, are damaged by severe oxidative stress.…”

Effect of methanolic extract of sphaeranthus amaranthoides (MESA) on nicotine-induced Serum testosterone levels in adult Wistar albino rats

“…( 4)Lower testosterone levels were always associated with fewer Leydig cells and Sertoli cells of the testes affected by nicotine (17). From various studies, it was evident that the testosterone levels in all nicotine-treated rats were similar (12).…”

“…Th might reveal the intensity of the toxicity, the cellular site of the damage, and the effect of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides on Nicotine's negative effects in male albino rats. We wanted to assess the possible effects of sphaeranthus amaranthoides on nicotine-induced reproductive toxicity in this animal by quantifying changes in nicotine-induced male reproductive organs at the light microscopic level.Toxic agents such as nicotine and other substances that negatively impact the male reproductive system may be mitigated by antioxidant compoundspresent in herbal plants (12). This study was designed to analyzethe effects of Spheranthus amaranthoides against nicotine-induced male offspring of Wistar rats.…”

Ginseng alleviates folliculogenesis disorders via induction of cell proliferation and downregulation of apoptotic markers in nicotine-treated mice

“…Besides, researchers have shown that nicotine causes fertility disorders in both genders [ 3 , 4 ]. Physiology of endocrine glands of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testis and ovary altered following nicotine treatment [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Changes in sex hormones following the impact of nicotine appear to affect the release of hypothalamic-releasing hormones through hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes, such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) [ 2 ].…”

“…FSH levels in women smokers are higher than non-smokers [ 6 ]. Nicotine affects the morphology of the female reproductive tract in animal studies [ 5 , 7 ]. It not only disrupts the luteal phase by inhibiting progesterone secretion [ 8 ], but also causes morphological changes in the endometrium and epithelium of the fallopian tubules, and reduces the number of glands and mucosal folds [ 5 ].…”