The arc characteristics and metal transfer behaviour of cold metal transfer and its use in joining aluminium to zinc-coated steel

Zhang, H.T.; Feng, Ji; He, Peng; Zhang, B.B.; Chen, J.M.; Wang, L.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.124

Cited by 220 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Aprovechando las condiciones ofrecidas por esta técnica fueron realizadas uniones disímiles aluminio-acero con resultados sobresalientes en cuanto a apariencia, ausencia de defectos y resistencia mecánica, atribuidos al excelente control de los parámetros de soldadura (Furukawa, 2006;Zhang et al, 2008). Esta técnica permitió la obtención de juntas soldadas con unión metalúrgica y ductilidad adecuada, gracias a la formación de una capa fina y homogénea de CIM, con espesor entre 5 y 10 μm (Zhang et al, 2009;Cao et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2013). Este resultado coincide con la afirmación de algunos autores que sostienen que es necesaria la formación de una capa fina de CIM que garantice la unión metalúrgica de ambos materiales, con un espesor tal que no comprometa substancialmente la ductilidad (Xue, et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Inhibition of the formation of intermetallic compounds in aluminum-steel welded joints by friction stir welding

López¹,

Ramírez²

2015

REVMETAL

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RESUMEN:La unión de juntas aluminio-acero, sin la formación de fases deletéreas del tipo Fe x Al y , ha sido, por décadas, un desafío para los procesos de soldadura. La soldadura por fricción-agitación ha sido empleada para intentar reducir el aporte térmico y evitar la formación de compuestos intermetálicos. Usando esta técnica fueron soldadas juntas disimilares de aluminio 6063-T5 y acero AISI-SAE 1020. La soldadura fue acompañada de medidas de temperatura durante su ejecución. La interfase de las juntas soldadas fue caracterizada utilizando microscopía óptica, electrónica de barrido y electrónica de transmisión. Adicionalmente fueron realizadas medidas puntuales X-EDS y DRX. Los resultados experimentales revelan que la temperatura máxima en la junta es inferior a 360 °C. La caracterización microestructural en la interfase aluminio-acero demostró la ausencia de compuestos intermetálicos, condición atribuida al uso de parámetros de soldadura con bajo aporte térmico. ABSTRACT: Inhibition of the formation of intermetallic compounds in aluminum-steel welded joints by friction stir welding.Formation of deleterious phases during welding of aluminum and steel is a challenge of the welding processes, for decades. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been used in an attempt to reduce formation of intermetallic compounds trough reducing the heat input. In this research, dissimilar joint of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy and AISI-SAE 1020 steel were welded using this technique. The temperature of welded joints was measured during the process. The interface of the welded joints was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, composition measurements were carried out by X-EDS and DRX. The experimental results revealed that the maximum temperature on the joint studied is less than 360 °C. The microstructural characterization in the aluminum-steel interface showed the absence of intermetallic compounds, which is a condition attributed to the use of welding with low thermal input parameters.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Inhibition of the formation of intermetallic compounds in aluminum-steel welded joints by friction stir welding

López¹,

Ramírez²

2015

REVMETAL

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“…This result is also confirmed by previous CMT welding experiments. [17][18][19]21,24,27,29] The positions of the EDX spot scans on sample 20 are visualized in Figures 4(c) and (f); the spot scan results are summarized in Table III. It should be noted that a comparatively high aluminum concentration was detected at position 4, because this position was located close to the aluminum-rich weld.…”

Section: A Structure Of the Intermetallic Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] An opportunity for joining particularly thin metal sheets by combining the advantages of both fusion and solid-state welding offers the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process developed by Fronius. [12] The CMT process enables spatter-free joining of similar metals, e.g., Al-Al bead-on-plate [13][14][15] or butt welding, [16] as well as joining of dissimilar metals, e.g., Al-steel butt welding with tapered steel sheet edges, [17][18][19] overlap welding, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or even spot welding. [30][31][32] In comparison with conventional gas metal arc (GMA) welding processes, the heat input of the CMT process is significantly reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21] Among the Al x Fe y phases listed in the binary Al-Fe phase diagram, [35] two main phases were identified in laboratory experiments to form at the interface between solid iron or steel and liquid aluminum or its alloys: Al 5 Fe 2 as the major g-phase [36][37][38] together with Al 3 Fe (also referred to as Al 13 Fe 4 ) as the minor h-phase. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Both [17][18][19]21,24,27,29] or at least either one [22,23] of these two phases were also found to form during dissimilar CMT welding of aluminum alloys with steel. These experimental studies also show that the interfaces are typically tongue-like between Al 5 Fe 2 and steel, whereas they are finely serrated between Al 3 Fe and aluminum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Filler Alloy Composition and Process Parameters on the Intermetallic Layer Thickness in Single-Sided Cold Metal Transfer Welding of Aluminum-Steel Blanks

Silvayeh

Vallant

Sommitsch

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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Hybrid components made of aluminum alloys and high-strength steels are typically used in automotive lightweight applications. Dissimilar joining of these materials is quite challenging; however, it is mandatory in order to produce multimaterial car body structures. Since especially welding of tailored blanks is of utmost interest, single-sided Cold Metal Transfer butt welding of thin sheets of aluminum alloy EN AW 6014 T4 and galvanized dual-phase steel HCT 450 X + ZE 75/75 was experimentally investigated in this study. The influence of different filler alloy compositions and welding process parameters on the thickness of the intermetallic layer, which forms between the weld seam and the steel sheet, was studied. The microstructures of the weld seam and of the intermetallic layer were characterized using conventional optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that increasing the heat input and decreasing the cooling intensity tend to increase the layer thickness. The silicon content of the filler alloy has the strongest influence on the thickness of the intermetallic layer, whereas the magnesium and scandium contents of the filler alloy influence the cracking tendency. The layer thickness is not uniform and shows spatial variations along the bonding interface. The thinnest intermetallic layer (mean thickness < 4 lm) is obtained using the silicon-rich filler Al-3Si-1Mn, but the layer is more than twice as thick when different low-silicon fillers are used.

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“…This is one of the preconditions for joining aluminum and steel. Another requirement when using the CMT method is a material -the steel sheet must be galvanized, Zhang et al (2009), Cao et al (2014. The advantage of CMT welding is high bridgeability without the need for a welding pad, minimal welding deformation due to low heat input, highly stable arc, practically zero spatter and minimum finishing works, Schierl (2005), Lipiński (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Weld Joint of DX51D Steel with AlMg3 Alloy Made by CMT Welding Method

Dobrocký¹,

Dostál²,

Šustr³

et al. 2018

Manufacturing Technology

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The combination of steel and aluminum as a constructional material brings many benefits. Steel is characterized by strength and is suitable for components exposed to high stress. Aluminum is light and is suitable for less stressed parts. However, for technical and economic reasons, the arc welding of these materials has not been possible for a long time. The development of the technology that allows welding of steel with aluminum is linked to the requirements of the automotive industry. This is a process known as CMT -Cold Metal Transfer and refers to the low energy transition of the droplet during MIG/MAG welding. In this so-called "welding soldering", the base steel material is not melted, but merely wetted, whereas in the case of aluminum, a melt weld is formed. The advantage of this process is the lower heat input and consequently considerably less heat deformation. This paper deals with the analysis of the welded joint of the DX51D steel sheet with the Aluzinc layer and the AlMg3 alloy sheet made by CMT welding using the digitized inverter welding power from Fronius company. An AlSi5 welding wire of Ø 1.2 mm was chosen as an additive material. The used technology has led to the formation of a weld with a considerable porosity of the weld metal.

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The arc characteristics and metal transfer behaviour of cold metal transfer and its use in joining aluminium to zinc-coated steel

Cited by 220 publications

References 3 publications

Inhibition of the formation of intermetallic compounds in aluminum-steel welded joints by friction stir welding

Inhibition of the formation of intermetallic compounds in aluminum-steel welded joints by friction stir welding

Influence of Filler Alloy Composition and Process Parameters on the Intermetallic Layer Thickness in Single-Sided Cold Metal Transfer Welding of Aluminum-Steel Blanks

Analysis of Weld Joint of DX51D Steel with AlMg3 Alloy Made by CMT Welding Method

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