The birthdates of GABA-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the rat retina

Lee, M.-Y.; Shin, Soon Lim; Han, Seung‐Ho; Chun, Myung-Hoon

doi:10.1007/s002210050851

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Since this pioneering work several similar studies have been published, but they have been limited in a number of ways. Some have focused solely on postnatal cell genesis (Blanks and Bok, 1977;Young, 1985a), whereas others have studied only certain cell layers or cell types (Carter-Dawson and LaVail, 1979b;Drä ger, 1985;Evans and Battelle, 1987;Zhang and Yeh, 1990;Reese and Colello, 1992;Galli-Resta and Ensini, 1996;Ilia and Jeffery, 1996;Lee et al, 1999;Ilia and Jeffery, 2000;Rachel et al, 2002). Many have not been able to recognize different cell types (Sidman, 1961;Gloor et al, 1985;Ilia and Jeffery, 2000).…”

Section: Initiation Of the Neurogenetic Period In The Rat Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amacrine cells genesis has been studied in the rat previously (Evans and Battelle, 1987;Zhang and Yeh, 1990;Reese and Colello, 1992;Lee et al, 1999). Investigators have been primarily concerned with specific subsets of amacrine cells determined by immunoreactivity to different neurotransmitters or their synthetic enzymes.…”

Section: Timing Of Genesis Of Specific Retinal Cell Types In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others were unable to recognize different phenotypes (Sidman, 1961;Gloor et al, 1985;Ilia and Jeffery, 2000). Finally, many papers have considered the genesis of only specific cell types, including: retinal ganglion cells (Drä ger, 1985;Reese and Colello, 1992;Galli-Resta and Ensini, 1996;Ilia and Jeffery, 1996;Rachel et al, 2002), amacrine cells (Evans and Battelle, 1987;Zhang and Yeh, 1990;Lee et al, 1999), and photoreceptors (Carter-Dawson and LaVail, 1979b;Ilia and Jeffery, 2000). Of these, only a few specified the ages at which genesis of each type begins or ends.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Based on the extant literature, we know that in the mouse and rat, retinal ganglion cells are among the first cells generated (Sidman, 1961;Reese and Colello, 1992;Galli-Resta and Ensini, 1996). Amacrine cells with different transmitters are generated during different periods from mid-prenatal to early postnatal stages (Evans and Battelle, 1987;Zhang and Yeh, 1990;Reese and Colello, 1992;Lee et al, 1999). Cone photoreceptors are generated early, entirely prenatally (Carter-Dawson and LaVail, 1979b), whereas rods are generated late, and significant numbers are generated postnatally (Carter-Dawson and LaVail, 1979b;Ilia and Jeffery, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Timing and topography of cell genesis in the rat retina

Rapaport

Wong

Wood

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

348

322

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To understand the mechanisms of cell fate determination in the vertebrate retina, the time course of the generation of the major cell types needs to be established. This will help define and interpret patterns of gene expression, waves of differentiation, timing and extent of competence, and many of the other developmental processes involved in fate acquisition. A thorough retinal cell "birthdating" study has not been performed for the laboratory rat, even though it is the species of choice for many contemporary developmental studies of the vertebrate retina. We investigated the timing and spatial pattern of cell genesis using 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR). A single injection of 3H-TdR was administered to pregnant rats or rat pups between embryonic day (E) 8 and postnatal day (P) 13. The offspring of prenatally injected rats were delivered and all animals survived to maturity. Labeled cells were visualized by autoradiography of retinal sections. Rat retinal cell genesis commenced around E10, 50% of cells were born by approximately P1, and retinogenesis was complete near P12. The first postmitotic cells were found in the retinal ganglion cell layer and were 9-15 microm in diameter. This range includes small to medium diameter retinal ganglion cells and large displaced amacrine cells. The sequence of cell genesis was established by determining the age at which 5, 50, and 95% of the total population of cells of each phenotype became postmitotic. With few exceptions, the cell types reached these developmental landmarks in the following order: retinal ganglion cells, horizontal cells, cones, amacrine cells, rods, bipolar cells, and Müller glia. For each type, the first cells generated were located in the central retina and the last cells in the peripheral retina. Within the sequence of cell genesis, two or three phases could be detected based on differences in timing, kinetics, and topographic gradients of cell production. Our results show that retinal cells in the rat are generated in a sequence similar to that of the primate retina, in which retinogenesis spans more than 100 days. To the extent that sequences reflect underlying mechanisms of cell fate determination, they appear to be conserved.

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Section: Initiation Of the Neurogenetic Period In The Rat Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timing Of Genesis Of Specific Retinal Cell Types In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Timing and topography of cell genesis in the rat retina

Rapaport

Wong

Wood

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

348

322

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, birth-dating studies conducted so far suggest that this is unlikely. Although there is a general sequence in which the different neurochemical subtypes of amacrine cells are generated [gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing amacrine cells are generated earlier than cholinergic and dopaminergic amacrine cells (Evans and Battelle, 1987;Lee et al, 1999;Reese and Colello, 1992;Zhang and Yeh, 1990)], more than one neurochemical type of amacrine cell innervates a particular sublamina (Drenhaus et al, 2004).…”

Section: Cellular Behaviors and Mechanisms Directing Amacrine Cell Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting of amacrine cell neurites to appropriate synaptic laminae in the developing zebrafish retina

et al. 2005

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Cellular mechanisms underlying the precision by which neurons target their synaptic partners have largely been determined based on the study of projection neurons. By contrast, little is known about how interneurons establish their local connections in vivo. Here, we investigated how developing amacrine interneurons selectively innervate the appropriate region of the synaptic neuropil in the inner retina, the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Increases (ON) and decreases (OFF) in light intensity are processed by circuits that are structurally confined to separate ON and OFF synaptic sublaminae within the IPL. Using transgenic zebrafish in which the majority of amacrine cells express fluorescent protein, we determined that the earliest amacrine-derived neuritic plexus formed between two cell populations whose somata, at maturity, resided on opposite sides of this plexus. When we followed the behavior of individual amacrine cells over time, we discovered that they exhibited distinct patterns of structural dynamics at different stages of development. During cellular migration, amacrine cells exhibited an exuberant outgrowth of neurites that was undirected. Upon reaching the forming IPL, neurites extending towards the ganglion cell layer were relatively more stable. Importantly, when an arbor first formed, it preferentially ramified in either the inner or outer IPL corresponding to the future ON and OFF sublaminae, and maintained this stratification pattern. The specificity by which ON and OFF amacrine interneurons innervate their respective sublaminae in the IPL contrasts with that observed for projection neurons in the retina and elsewhere in the central nervous system.

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Birthdays of retinal amacrine cell subtypes are systematically related to their molecular identity and soma position

Voinescu

Kay

Sanes

2009

J of Comparative Neurology

137

146

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The mammalian retina contains six major cell types, several of which are divided into multiple molecularly and morphologically distinct subtypes. To understand how subtype diversity arises during development, we focused on amacrine interneurons in the mouse retina; ~30 amacrine subtypes have been identified in mammals. We used antibody markers to identify the two main amacrine subsets – GABAergic and glycinergic – and further subdivided these groups into smaller subsets based on expression of neurotransmitter and transcription factor markers. We then used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to ask whether amacrine subsets are born (become postmitotic) at different times, as is the case for lamina-specified subsets of cortical projection neurons. We found that GABAergic amacrines are generated on average 2–3 days before glycinergic amacrines. Moreover, subsets of GABAergic amacrines are born at distinct times. We also found a strong correlation between amacrine cell birthday and soma position in the mature retina, another point of similarity with cortical projection neurons. This relationship raised the possibility that amacrine subtype identity is determined by signals that uncommitted cells receive after they migrate to their destinations. However, cells labeled with BrdU in vivo, then dissociated and allowed to develop in vitro, acquired the amacrine subtype-specific markers appropriate for their birthdays, supporting the idea that they become specified near the time and place of their birth. Together, our results suggest that the birthdays of amacrine cells independently specify their destinations and subtype identities.

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The birthdates of GABA-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the rat retina

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Timing and topography of cell genesis in the rat retina

Timing and topography of cell genesis in the rat retina

Targeting of amacrine cell neurites to appropriate synaptic laminae in the developing zebrafish retina

Birthdays of retinal amacrine cell subtypes are systematically related to their molecular identity and soma position

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