The climate role of CO2 – nature’s telling from 400 Mio. years

Abstract

The broader public demand reproducibility of scientific results particularly related to hot societal topics such as climate change. Our studies focus on the 80:20-rule to identify the essentials from the readily observable. It is found that the paleo-records on the past 400 Mio. years well constrain the compound universal climate role of CO2, this being represented by a very simple formula in line with previous sophisticated simulation results.

Earth's balanced climates in view of their energy budgets

“…-The sensitivity de ned as the ratio of surface temperature change to the TOA (longwave) emittance change, the same as the change in planetary shortwave absorption, hence S = ΔT S / ΔLW space = ΔT S /ΔSW Abs , the energy budget values of case 1 in Table 1 Further variability cases (details not shown). Additional energy budget estimates have been performed on the zonal (polar vs. tropical) conditions, on the glacial-interglacial conditions [5], on atmospheric absorption increases effecting the surface temperature to rise by 10 and 20°C (as further variations of case 2), changing of the insolation by -4 % and + 5.5 % (as further variations of case 1), changing of the insolation by 4 % and simultaneously of the absorption with an additional 6°C-effect (coupling cases 1 and 2), and representing the faint young Sun conditions (low insolation, high surface temperature, high pCO2, low pO2, partly low continental coverage). -The energy budget estimates are again well re ected by the absorbing particle densities in the density scheme (i.e.…”

Planetary emittance and feedback parameters through varying climates in basic modelling

“…Planetary emittance analog to Table1, here temperature driving atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Differences to Table1: atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratio pCO 2 proportional to surface temperature with 20 ppmv/K[4]; changes of absorbed insolation from insolation change relative to pre-industrial.Infrared emittance spectra for three cases, from top to bottom: hot desert, intermediate surface temperature over water, and extremely cold surface condition; blackbody radiances at several temperatures superimposed; from[1]…”

“…Planetary emittance for various climates, CO 2 concentration driving temperature. Input values: surface temperature T surface ; surface blackbody radiation Q surface ; atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratio pCO 2 , related to T surface according to the Eocene CO 2 -temperature relationship[4]; changes of absorbed insolation from glaciation-related albedo relative to implicit reference climate; stratospheric temperature relative to the present. Model results: emittance from the (cloud-free) atmosphere, from clouds and through the atmospheric window.…”

CO2 emissions and climate - nature’s prospect on Green Growth

“…For instance, it is indicated that the atmospheric CO 2 concentration may be contained within 500 ppmv if the present anthropogenic emissions were held constant for the future. The related equilibrium temperature contribution is to be anticipated with 3.9°C (given by the 'Eocene relationship' [1]). Since the ocean heat uptake is markable at the time of an atmospheric CO 2 input and steadily diminishing afterwards, about 1.3°C are rather contemporarily expected as concentrations start being constant (rule of thumb [5]).…”

“…For participation in discussions and decision making, reproducibility and transparency is prerequisite on the information received. In a previous article [1], the temperature impact from the atmospheric CO 2 concentration has been constrained, mainly from observations on the past 400 Mio. years.…”