The composition and transmission of microbiome in hard tick, Ixodes persulcatus, during blood meal

Zhang, Xue-Chao; Yang, Zhangnv; Lü, Bo; Ma, Xiaofang; Zhang, Chuan‐Xi; Xu, Haijun

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.009

Cited by 89 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In a study of I. persulcatus ticks from China (39), Rickettsia, Pseudomonadeae, Sphingomonas, and Borrelia were among the most common bacteria, similar to the findings presented here. Neither of these 2 studies (19,39), however, reported the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. In contrast, both Rickettsia and Enterobacteriaceae were present at high levels in all stages of I. ricinus ticks (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Treuren

Ponnusamy

Brinkerhoff

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

179

204

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n Ixodes scapularis is the principal vector of Lyme disease on the East Coast and in the upper Midwest regions of the UnitedStates, yet the tick is also present in the Southeast, where Lyme disease is absent or rare. A closely related species, I. affinis, also carries the pathogen in the South but does not seem to transmit it to humans. In order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adult I. scapularis and 13 adult I. affinis ticks captured in 19 locations in South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Connecticut, and New York. Initially, ticks from 4 sites were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing. Subsequently, ticks from these sites plus 15 others were analyzed by sequencing with an Illumina MiSeq machine. By both analyses, the microbiomes of female ticks were significantly less diverse than those of male ticks. The dissimilarity between tick microbiomes increased with distance between sites, and the state in which a tick was collected could be inferred from its microbiota. The genus Rickettsia was prominent in all locations. Borrelia was also present in most locations and was present at especially high levels in one site in western Virginia. In contrast, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were very common in North Carolina I. scapularis ticks but uncommon in I. scapularis ticks from other sites and in North Carolina I. affinis ticks. These data suggest substantial variations in the Ixodes microbiota in association with geography, species, and sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Treuren

Ponnusamy

Brinkerhoff

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

179

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Numerous factors including exposure to environmental bacteria, geographic location, tick species, gender, developmental status, and time since molting and feeding, among others, are expected to play an important role in contributing to the microbiome composition in ticks (10,44,45). Therefore, although the tick gutassociated microbes might not be conserved across different regions, with several published reports suggesting a large diversity (46)(47)(48)(49), and others suggesting that inflated diversities are due to environmental contaminants (50), we used multiple criteria (see SI Appendix) to accurately assess the microbial composition of our laboratory-reared and murine host-fed I. scapularis nymphs. Based on our stringencies and exclusion criteria, we observed eight genera including Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Rickettsia, Lysinibacillus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Delftia that were consistently observed, independent of treatment condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-mediated manipulation of arthropod microbiota to promote infection

Abraham

Liu

Jutras

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

227

295

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Arthropods transmit diverse infectious agents; however, the ways microbes influence their vector to enhance colonization are poorly understood.Ixodes scapularisticks harbor numerous human pathogens, includingAnaplasma phagocytophilum,the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. We now demonstrate thatA. phagocytophilummodifies theI. scapularismicrobiota to more efficiently infect the tick.A. phagocytophiluminduces ticks to expressIxodes scapularisantifreeze glycoprotein (iafgp), which encodes a protein with several properties, including the ability to alter bacterial biofilm formation. IAFGP thereby perturbs the tick gut microbiota, which influences the integrity of the peritrophic matrix and gut barrier—critical obstacles forAnaplasmacolonization. Mechanistically, IAFGP binds the terminald-alanine residue of the pentapeptide chain of bacterial peptidoglycan, resulting in altered permeability and the capacity of bacteria to form biofilms. These data elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a human pathogen appropriates an arthropod antibacterial protein to alter the gut microbiota and more effectively colonize the vector.

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“…Several studies suggest that feeding increased the bacterial diversity of the tick microbiome [58, 65, 72]. In a study of the microbiome of Ixodes persulcatus from woodland areas of China [73], up to 200 genera in different stages of I. persulcatus were observed. When the blood of rats on which these ticks fed was assessed, several bacterial genera found in ticks were also found in rat blood, indicating that at least some of these bacterial members of the tick microbiome were also likely transmitted to the mammalian host [73].…”

Section: Beyond the Intracellular Endosymbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of the microbiome of Ixodes persulcatus from woodland areas of China [73], up to 200 genera in different stages of I. persulcatus were observed. When the blood of rats on which these ticks fed was assessed, several bacterial genera found in ticks were also found in rat blood, indicating that at least some of these bacterial members of the tick microbiome were also likely transmitted to the mammalian host [73]. It is likely that only some bacterial taxa are bona-fide members of the tick microbial consortium and many are environmental contaminants.…”

Section: Beyond the Intracellular Endosymbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick microbiome: the force within

Narasimhan

Fikrig

2015

Trends in Parasitology

272

261

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Ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. Defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission, will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. Descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick microbiome in greater detail. This review will focus on the current efforts to address the microbiomes of diverse ticks, and the evolving understanding of tick microbiomes. There is hope that these efforts will bring a holistic understanding of pathogen transmission by ticks.

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The composition and transmission of microbiome in hard tick, Ixodes persulcatus, during blood meal

Cited by 89 publications

References 53 publications

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

Pathogen-mediated manipulation of arthropod microbiota to promote infection

Tick microbiome: the force within

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