“…Essentially, the instructor is in charge of the teaching process and is seen as a source of expert information passed on to students through lectures in the classroom. The teacher determines the amount of information provided for students, while students remain passive and obedient recipients of knowledge and information and play a small role in learning (Daulay, Firmansyah, & Zakaria, 2017). The educational process requires more than just traditional instructors, and the roles of both students and teachers change with technological developments (Yumni, Jumintono, Ardiani, Wiyatiningsih, Sapan, Munawar, Handayani, Isnawan, & Ratnaningtyas, 2020).…”