“…Research has been carried out into the relationship between EM and outcome goals such as business growth (Janet and Ngugi, 2014;Maziriri et al, 2018), customer and financial success (Becherer et al, 2012), competitive advantage (Khouroh et al, 2020;Makmur et al, 2018), innovative performance (Hacioglu et al, 2012) and business performance (BP) (Adel et al, 2020). In particular, the relationship between EM and BP has been extensively analyzed over the past few years (Fard and Amiri, 2018;Mugambi and Karugu, 2017;Rezvani and Fathollahzadeh, 2020;Sadiku-Dushi et al, 2019).…”