The Effect of PEGDE Concentration and Temperature on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Chitosan

Abstract

Chitosan (CHT) is a polysaccharide with multiple claimed properties and outstanding biocompatibility, generally attributed to the presence of protonable amino groups rendering a cationic natural polymer. However, the effect of changes in CHT structure due to hydration is not considered in its performance. This study compares the effects on biocompatibility after drying at 25 °C and 150 °C scaffolds of chitosan, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) crosslinked CHT (low, medium and high concentration) and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked CHT. PEGDE crosslinked CHT showed a reduction in free amino groups and the amide I/II ratio, which exhaustive drying reduced further. In X-ray diffraction (DRX) analysis, PEGDE crosslinked CHT showed multiple peaks, whereas the crystallinity percentage was reduced with an increase in PEGDE concentration and thermal treatments at 150 °C. In a direct contact cell assay, high osteoblast viability was achieved at low and medium PEDGE concentrations, which was improved when the crosslinked scaffolds were thermally treated at 150 °C. This was attributed to its partial hydrophilicity, low crystallinity and low surface roughness; this in spite of the small reduction in the amount of free amino groups on the surface induced during drying at 150 °C. Furthermore, PEGDE crosslinked CHT scaffolds showed strong vinculin and integrin 1β expression, which render them suitable for bone contact applications.

Zinc Oxide and Copper Chitosan Composite Films with Antimicrobial Activity

“…Similarly, films crosslinked with GA exhibited a lower intensity peak at 2θ = 19.7 • , which coincides with previous studies [8].…”

“…Chitosan (CHT) is produced from chitin, which is a natural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of crabs, shrimp, lobsters, corals, squid, jellyfish, as well as insects, fungi, yeasts, and algae, and is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose [6][7][8]. The solubility of chitosan provides opportunities to manufacture it in many ways [9].…”

Preparation and Characterization of TPP-Chitosan Crosslinked Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

“…As for TPP, it is possible to observe the absorption bands at 1211 cm −1 , relative to the P = O stretching, at 1130 cm −1 attributed to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching of the -PO 2 group, at 1090 cm −1 attributed to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching of the PO 3 group and at 881 cm −1 attributed to the antisymmetric stretching of the P-O-P bond [30,31]. bands can be observed: a broad absorption between 3500 and 3000 cm −1 , corresponding to -OH and -NH stretching frequencies; the C-H stretching in the range 2920-2875 cm −1 ; the C = O stretching of acetylate groups (amide I) at 1650 cm −1 ; the N-H bending of primary amine at 1560 cm −1 ; absorptions due to the pyranose ring in the range 1150-1000 cm −1 , particularly the C-O-C and C-O-H stretching at 895 cm −1 [29]. As for TPP, it is possible to observe the absorption bands at 1211 cm −1 , relative to the P = O stretching, at 1130 cm −1 attributed to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching of the -PO2 group, at 1090 cm −1 attributed to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching of the PO3 group and at 881 cm −1 attributed to the antisymmetric stretching of the P-O-P bond [30,31].…”

A Stretchable and Transparent Electrode Based on PEGylated Silk Fibroin for In Vivo Dual‐Modal Neural‐Vascular Activity Probing

“…The active epoxy moiety in PEGDE can undergo a nucleophilic addition with primary amines and hydroxyl groups in silk to form crosslinks (Figure 1a). [44][45][46] When the PSF solution is poured onto PEDOT:PSS films (Figure 1b), the resulting thin-film electrode (P-PSF) formed a robust interface (Figure 1c). Due to the amphiphilic nature of silk fibroin, it exists as micelles in aqueous solution.…”