The Effects of Squat Exercises in Postures for Toilet Use on Blood Flow Velocity of the Leg Vein

Eom, Jun Ho; Chung, Sin Ho; Shim, Jun Ho

doi:10.1589/jpts.26.1485

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A 2009 guideline for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis 4 ) states that ankle pumping exercises are effective for the prevention of DVT. However, there has been much debate about the most effective methods 5 ) and modes of ankle pumping exercises 6 ) . Standardized ankle pumping exercises have not been established yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle positions and exercise intervals effect on the blood flow velocity in the common femoral vein during ankle pumping exercises

et al. 2016

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to identify the most effective method of performing ankle pumping exercises. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects were 10 men. We measured time-averaged maximum flow velocity and peak systolic velocity in the common femoral vein using a pulse Doppler method with a diagnostic ultrasound system during nine ankle pumping exercises (three different ankle positions and three exercise intervals). Changes of blood flow velocity during ankle pumping exercises with different ankle positions and exercise intervals were compared. [Result] Peak systolic velocity of the leg-up position showed significantly lower values than those of the supine and head-up positions. For all exercise intervals, the increased amount of blood flow velocity in the leg-up position was significantly lower than that in the head-up and supine positions. [Conclusion] Ankle positions and exercise intervals must be considered when performing effective ankle pumping exercises.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle positions and exercise intervals effect on the blood flow velocity in the common femoral vein during ankle pumping exercises

et al. 2016

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“…The DPMD brings the hips and knees in a pseudo-squatting position thus facilitates relaxation of the pelvic oor muscles during defecation [16]. It was also reported that the squatting action during use of squatting toilets improved blood ow velocity in the lower extremities [17], and the user is subjected to squatting, as a form of exercise for strengthening of the quadriceps muscles. Quadriceps strength is associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting potential COVID-19 contagion in squatting public toilets

Han

Pan

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten global stability. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is mostly by respiratory droplets and direct contact but viral RNA fragments have also been detected in the faecal waste of patients with COVID-19. Cleanliness and effective sanitation of public toilets is a concern, as flushing the toilet is potentially an aerosol generating procedure. When the toilets are of the squatting type and without a cover, there exists a risk of viral contamination through the splashing of toilet water and aerosol generation. Methods: This study reports an online survey of 134 people in China to determine whether the cleanliness of public toilets was a concern to the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether a squatting toilet was preferred to a seated design.Results: The survey showed that 91% of participants preferred squatting toilets, but that 72% were apprehensive of personal contamination when using public toilets. Over 63% of the respondents had encountered an incidence of water splash and would prefer public toilets to be covered during flushing and 83% of these respondents preferred a foot-controlled device.Conclusions: This survey suggests that consideration should be given to the installation of a simple foot-controlled device to cover public squatting toilets to help restrict potential COVID-19 contamination and to meet hygienic expectations of the public.

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“…The DPMD brings the hips and knees in a pseudo-squatting position thus facilitates relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles during defecation. 16 It was also reported that the squatting action during use of squatting toilets improved blood flow velocity in the lower extremities, 17 and the user is subjected to squatting, as a form of exercise for strengthening of the quadriceps muscles. Quadriceps strength is associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting potential COVID-19 contagion in squatting public toilets

Chen

Guo

et al. 2021

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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Background: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten global stability. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is mostly by respiratory droplets and direct contact but viral RNA fragments have also been detected in the faecal waste of patients with COVID-19. Cleanliness and effective sanitation of public toilets is a concern, as flushing the toilet is potentially an aerosol generating procedure. When the toilets are of the squatting type and without a cover, there exists a risk of viral contamination through the splashing of toilet water and aerosol generation. Objective: This study aims to determine whether the cleanliness of public toilets was a concern to the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether a squatting toilet was preferred to a seated design. Methods: A questionnaire was designed and posted on “WeChat” contact groups of the investigators. Results: The survey showed that 91% of participants preferred squatting toilets, but that 72% were apprehensive of personal contamination when using public toilets. Over 63% of the respondents had encountered an incidence of water splash and would prefer public toilets to be covered during flushing and 83% of these respondents preferred a foot-controlled device. Conclusion: This survey suggests that consideration should be given to the installation of a simple foot-controlled device to cover public squatting toilets to help restrict potential COVID-19 contamination and to meet hygienic expectations of the public.

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The Effects of Squat Exercises in Postures for Toilet Use on Blood Flow Velocity of the Leg Vein

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Ankle positions and exercise intervals effect on the blood flow velocity in the common femoral vein during ankle pumping exercises

Ankle positions and exercise intervals effect on the blood flow velocity in the common femoral vein during ankle pumping exercises

Limiting potential COVID-19 contagion in squatting public toilets

Limiting potential COVID-19 contagion in squatting public toilets

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