The Experimental Production of Arthritis: A Review

Gardner, D. L.

doi:10.1136/ard.19.4.297

Cited by 99 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Edema was quantified as the weight difference between the two ear plugs. [14] Percentage edema inhibition = 100 × (1− (Rt − Lt)/(Rc − Lc)…”

Section: Xylene-induced Ear Edemamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary phytochemical, toxicity and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Commelina benghalensis

Augustine¹,

Tiwari²,

Lahkar³

et al. 2013

Int J Green Pharm

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Background: Commelina benghalensis is a widely used ethno medicinal plant for various diseases in India, but only few studies have been conducted in this plant. Objective: The present work was performed to screen phytochemical, toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic extract of leaves of C. benghalensis (Family: Commelinaceae). Materials and Methods: Hydroethanolic extract of leaves of C. benghalensis (HECB) was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigations. Acute and sub-acute toxicity tests were performed in female Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, cotton pellet granuloma and xylene-induced ear edema models at two different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of body weight). Results: HECB did not show any toxic reactions in female rats, and a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in all three models as compared to the control group. Indomethacin 10 mg/kg also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in all three models. Conclusion: These experimental results have established a pharmacological evidence for the folkloric use of the C. benghalensis as an anti-inflammatory agent. Determination of the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) revealed that the Commelina extracts was safe.

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“…Edema was quantified as the weight difference between the two ear plugs. [14] Percentage edema inhibition = 100 × (1− (Rt − Lt)/(Rc − Lc)…”

Section: Xylene-induced Ear Edemamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cotton pellets were dried at 60 ± 5°C until a uniform weight was obtained and weighed. [14][15][16] Granuloma inhibition (%) = (1 − Wt/Wc) ×100…”

Section: Cotton Pellet Granulomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary phytochemical, toxicity and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Commelina benghalensis

Augustine¹,

Tiwari²,

Lahkar³

et al. 2013

Int J Green Pharm

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“…The value of many tests commonly used for the laboratory study of arthritis has been critically discussed in an excellent review by Gardner (1960). Most of them attempt to produce, in laboratory animals, terminal aspects of the human condition: for example, inflammation or deposition of granulation tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy of Arthritis Induced in Rats by Mycobacterial Adjuvant

Newbould¹

1963

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

425

295

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Arthritis induced in rats by mycobacterial adjuvant has been used for the study of compounds of known value in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in man. The development of the arthritic syndrome in treated and control rats was followed by measuring the changes in foot thickness of both hind-feet with a micrometer. This method allowed the effect of anti-inflammatory compounds to be expressed quantitatively. Anti-inflammatory activity was readily observed in certain steroids, pyrazolidines, salicylates and sodium aurothiomalate. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were inactive. The inhibition obtained by daily treatment with the steroid paramethasone disappeared when treatment was withdrawn.

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“…In order to study the pathogenesis of these disorders a number of experimental models of arthritis have been designed (Gardner, 1960). Of these, injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the joint capsule induces a unilateral monoarthritis (Grubb, McQueen, Iggo, Birrell & Dutia, 1988), which is being increasingly used as a model of chronic inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged alteration of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in rat knee joints by adjuvant monoarthritis

McDougall¹,

Karimian²,

Ferrell³

1995

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYBoth neurogenic influences and the regulatory neuropeptide substance P (SP) have been implicated in the development of joint inflammation. Using the laser Doppler perfusion imaging technique to quantify relative changes in joint blood flow, the effects of nerve stimulation and topical SP application were examined in normal and chronically inflamed rat knee joints. Synovial inflammation was induced by unilateral intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant and experiments were carried out 1 week and 3 weeks later. Normal knees showed a frequency-dependent vasoconstriction in response to saphenous nerve stimulation over the range of 5-30 Hz and a dose-dependent vasodilatation in response to SP administration. These vasoactive responses were completely abolished in the chronically inflamed knee joint, the abolition persisting throughout the investigation. Since articular cartilage is critically dependent on synovial fluid formation for its nutrition, loss of neurovascular control of the synovial microcirculation could contribute to the degenerative changes that commonly accompany chronic inflammatory joint diseases.

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The Experimental Production of Arthritis: A Review

Cited by 99 publications

References 100 publications

Preliminary phytochemical, toxicity and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Commelina benghalensis

Preliminary phytochemical, toxicity and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Commelina benghalensis

Chemotherapy of Arthritis Induced in Rats by Mycobacterial Adjuvant

Prolonged alteration of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in rat knee joints by adjuvant monoarthritis

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