The Faunal Assemblage Inhabiting Seasonal Sea Ice in the Nearshore Arctic Ocean with Emphasis on Copepods

Kern, JC; Carey, AG

doi:10.3354/meps010159

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Amphipods (Apollonio 196 1;Cross 1982) and copepods (Kern and Carey 1983) have been reported to feed on the Arctic-ice algae and were observed by one of us (M.R., SCU-BA diving) at the ice-water interface of our sampling station. Although no systematic estimates of herbivore concentrations in our samples were made, amphipods or copepods were never seen in the water collected by our sampler: its slow operation (see methods) made it easy for zooplankters to escape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although no systematic estimates of herbivore concentrations in our samples were made, amphipods or copepods were never seen in the water collected by our sampler: its slow operation (see methods) made it easy for zooplankters to escape. Only a few nematodes were seen, but it is unlikely that they biased the results of the algal growth experiments since the ice meiofauna is very sparse (Carey and Montagna 1982;Cross 1982;Kern and Carey 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Maestrini¹,

Rochet

Legendre

et al. 1986

Limnology & Oceanography

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In April 1983, differential-enrichment bioassays were conducted on natural sea-ice microalgae from Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic. Incubations were done both in the laboratory (at about 4"-5°C) and in situ at the ice-water interface (-1.5"C). Actual growth of the cultures was nutrient limited. On the basis of our observations and using recalculated data from the literature, we tentatively set the mean generation time of Arctic-ice microalgae between 8 and 17 days. Nitrogen was demonstrated to govern the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the algae to grow. The low (NO,-+ NO,-+ NH,+):P0,3-mean ratio (5.9) in the water at the ice interface leads to the same conclusion. In situ dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus progressively decreased during the course of sampling, but were never exhausted. We hypothesize that the K, of epontic as well as of other benthic microalgae is higher than that of phytoplankton, so that they cannot deplete the natural nutrient reservoir. We conclude that the bottom-ice dynamics is controlled not only from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the shorter term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface with nutrients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Maestrini¹,

Rochet

Legendre

et al. 1986

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…In contrast to the usually small numbers encountered elsewhere, large numbers of both species have been shown to occupy the lower few centimetres of annual sea ice in the Arctic (Cross 1982, Kern & Carey 1983, Horner & Murphy 1985, Grainger & Mohammed 1986, Cross & Martin 1987, Grainger 1988. Tisbe furcata is also reported from the Antarctic ice (Gruzov et al 1967, Andriashev 1968.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of arctic sea ice by epibenthic copepods

Grainger¹

1991

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The harpacticoid Tisbe furcata and the cyclopoid Cyclopina schneideri are the dominant ice meiofaunal copepods in Frobisher Bay, Canadian Arctic. Maximum concentrations of T furcata in the lower 5 cm of the ice exceed 250000 m-3. of C. schneideri 125000 m-3, and by late winter the 2 species are 103 to 104 more concentrated in the ice than in the water column below. In contrast, the 2 species appear during the ice-free season to b e relat~vely minor components of the nearshore system, living mainly in the epibenthic phytal habitat Their feedlng style is well suited to phytal living, as ~t is to ice dwelling, but they are less well equipped to feed In the water column. Ascending In mid-winter from relatively poor eplbenthic feeding conditions, they encounter the rich food supply developing at that time in the lower levels of the ice, where algal concentations are at least 103 times higher than In the water column below In this environment the Ice copepods flourish. As the ice melts, the surviving ice copepods disperse, some apparently returning to their near-bottom habitat.

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“…Interest in this community has increased in recent years. The existing literature is largely limited to sublittoral and intertidal habitats, but quantitative data on under-ice meiofaunal communities in arctic waters are becoming increasingly available (Thomson et al, 1978;Carey and Montagna, 1982;Cross, 1982;Grainger and Hsiao, 1982;Kern and Carey, 1983;Carey, 1985). The impact of these grazers on ice algal production and their contribution to higher trophic levels (e.g.…”

Section: N T R O D U~i O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oil and Chemically Treated Oil on Nearshore Under-Ice Meiofauna Studied <i>in Situ</i>

Cross¹,

Martin²

1987

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Meiofauna collected during May 1982 in the soft bottom layer of nearshore landfast ice at Cape Hatt, northern Baffin Island, were dominated by cyclopoid copepods, harpacticoid copepods, nematodes and polychaete larvae (73.5, 15.4,6.3 and 3.5% of total numbers respectively). Also included were rotifers, gastropod veligers and calanoid copepod nauplii; calanoid nauplii were probably present in the near-ice water and not on or in the ice. Average abundance of all ice meiofauna was 54 OOO individuals.m-*. Densities of all meiofauna groups were spatially variable, but only nematodes and cyclopoid copepods showed evidence of progressive temporal change between 18 May and 2 June.Undisturbed, enclosed areas of the under-ice surface were treated with oil on 23-24 May. Dispersed oil (Venezuela Lagomedio + Corexit 9527, BP CTD or BP 1100 WD) was in contact with the ice for 5 hours, whereas untreated oil and solidified oil (BP treatment) remained in the enclosures for the duration of the study (12 days post-treatment). Sampling was carried out in areas where oil contacted the ice and moved away or in areas near oil that remained in contact with the under-ice surface. Five hours after treatment, oil concentrations in the water within the enclosures were similar (0.15-0.28 ppm) in untreated oil, solidified oil and control enclosures. In contrast, dispersed oil concentrations were 5.8-36.5 ppm. Densities of all copepods and polychaetes decreased dramatically in each dispersed oil enclosure by the second post-spill day, and slight density increases were evident by the tenth post-spill day. Harpacticoid copepods apparently were more sensitive to dispersed oil than were cyclopoid copepods. Densities of nematodes and cyclopoid copepod nauplii were not affected by dispersed oil. Densities of nematodes, polychaetes and all copepods were not affected by untreated or solidifed oil, but there was some evidence of a stimulatory effect of those treatments on some copepod groups and life stages.

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The Faunal Assemblage Inhabiting Seasonal Sea Ice in the Nearshore Arctic Ocean with Emphasis on Copepods

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Nutrient limitation of the bottom‐ice microalgal biomass (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic)1

Exploitation of arctic sea ice by epibenthic copepods

Effects of Oil and Chemically Treated Oil on Nearshore Under-Ice Meiofauna Studied <i>in Situ</i>

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