The generation of gridded emissions data for CMIP6

Abstract

Abstract. Spatially distributed anthropogenic and open burning emissions are fundamental data needed by Earth system models. We describe the methods used for generating gridded datasets produced for use by the modeling community, particularly for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. The development of three sets of gridded data for historical open burning, historical anthropogenic, and future scenarios was coordinated to produce consistent data over 1750–2100. Historical data up to 2014 were provided with annual resolution and future scenario data in 10-year intervals. Emissions are provided on a sectoral basis, along with additional files for speciated non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). An automated framework was developed to produce these datasets to ensure that they are reproducible and facilitate future improvements. We discuss the methodologies used to produce these data along with limitations and potential for future work.

A continued role of short-lived climate forcers under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

“…The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) inherent in the climate response in IRF used in the present analysis is 0.885 K (W m −2 ) −1 . This is in the upper range reported by Bindoff et al (2013) but lower than many recent estimates (Forster et al, 2019;Zelinka et al, 2020). While emission uncertainties can have a strong spatiotemporal character, changes in the ECS mostly act to scale estimates for all sectors and regions but is less important for their relative ranking.…”

“…Gridded and harmonized emissions are available via ESFG from the Integrated Assessment Modeling Community (IAMC) for the nine SSP-RCP combinations that form the core of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experiments (Gidden et al, 2019): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP3-lowNTCF, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, SSP5-3.4, and SSP5-8.5. The gridded SSP-RCP data product, including the methodology for country-and sector-level emission mapping, is documented by Feng et al (2020). We extract regional emission scenarios using the geographical definitions and spatial mask from HTAP2 (Janssens-Maenhout et al, 2015).…”

“…We extract regional emission scenarios using the geographical definitions and spatial mask from HTAP2 (Janssens-Maenhout et al, 2015). Furthermore, we consider the energy (ENE), agriculture (AGR), waste (WST), residential (RES), industry plus solvents (IND), transport (TRA), and shipping (SHP) sectors, as they are defined in the CEDS-SSP inventory (Feng et al, 2020;Hoesly et al, 2018). Due to the large spread in historical estimates and lack of emissions consistent with CEDS, we do not include CO 2 emissions due to land use and land cover change.…”

Characterization of organic aerosol across the global remote troposphere: a comparison of ATom measurements and global chemistry models

“…In the lower troposphere, OA concentrations are close to 1 µg sm −3 and decrease down to 0.1 µg sm −3 at altitudes above 4 km. The highest OA levels are associated with the African outflow over the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, which results from the transport of the biomass burning smoke from the sub-Saharan regions and increasing urban and industrial air pollution in southern West Africa (Flamant et al, 2018). Figure 2d shows that the Atlantic Basin is often more polluted than the Pacific Basin, not only because of the African biomass burning influence but also due to the contribution of anthropogenic pollution in the lower troposphere of the NH.…”

Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1): model description and evaluation of aerosol simulations

“…Early attempts at coupling global climate dynamics with atmospheric chemistry can be traced back to the late 1970s, when 3D transport of ozone and simple stratospheric chemistry were first incorporated into a GCM to simulate global O 3 production and transport (e.g., Cunnold et al, 1975;Schlesinger and Mintz, 1979). Since the mid-1980s, a large number of online global climate-chemistry models have been developed to address issues of the Antarctic stratospheric O 3 depletion (e.g., Cariolle et al, 1990;Austin et al, 1992;Solomon, 1999), tropospheric O 3 and sulfur cycle (e.g., Feichter et al, 1996;Barth et al, 2000), tropospheric aerosol, and its interactions with cloud (e.g., Chuang et al, 1997;Lohmann et al, 2000;Ghan and Easter, 2006;Jacobson, 2012). Aerosols and chemically reactive gases in the atmosphere exert important influences on global and regional air quality and climate (Collins et al, 2017).…”