The Identification of Opaque Solids by Selective Iridescent Filming. I. Optics.

Abstract

On the contrary, if the thickness of the film is such that reflections of the zero and first orders differ by a full wave, bz will lag behind bl by PA, bo -(bl + bz + b3 + . . . . + bp). n, FIG. 2.Multiple reflections a t a filmed surface since its retardation involves not only that due to the thickness of the film, but also one moreretardation due to reflection into a rare medium at n dense medium boundary; likewise b, will lag behind bl by 2.3X or 3 X ; br by 3 .$A or PA, etc. X 2 The amplitude of the net reflection is then (bo + bl + b3 + . . . . ) -(bz + 6 4 + bg + . . . . )This, of course, represents the largest possible amplitude for a reflection, just as bo -(bl + bz + b3 + . . . . + bp)represents the smallest possible amplitude.

Optical Studies of Electrolyte Films on Gas Electrodes

“…The vibrational partition can be written as 3n--6 qvib : II (1 --exp--hcv/kT) -1 [16] Providing ~(in cm -I) is large, which is the usual case for real vibrations, qvJb is essentially unity.…”

“…For the rotational partition function, an equation similar to [16] was used because species in solution are subject to strong interactions by neighboring molecules or ions (e.g., as in hydrogen bonding) and the molecule will not be free to rotate but will exhibit librational motion. Using the harmonic oscillator approximation [c.f.…”

“…ref. (36)] qrot can be calculated from [16] replacing 3n-6 by the degrees of rotational freedom. Since such librational frequencies have been observed to be around 650 cm -1 the assumption that qrot "-> 1 is a fairly good one.…”

“…For two degrees of translational freedom qtr ~ 3.279 9 1013 2r Af [18] where Af is the free area. Since oxides are immobile, only the H2 complex is considered to be mobile so that at 25~ qtr ~ 1.915 • 1016 Af The activated complex possesses two degrees of translational freedom within the area Af occupied by the site and this corresponds to Af ----" 10 -16 --10 -17 cm 2 so that qtr --1 (16).…”

“…[13], does not equal unity. For an immobile activated complex q~ and qM ~ 1 (15,16), but QH2o ----32.6, and this value was used in simplifying [13].…”