The impact of morphodynamics and storm floods on pore water flow and transport in the subterranean estuary

Greskowiak, Janek; Massmann, Gudrun

doi:10.1002/hyp.14050

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We could show that iron oxides precipitated all along the position-stable interfaces as expected. However, previous numerical and/or experimental studies (e.g., Abarca et al, 2013;Greskowiak, 2014;Greskowiak & Massmann, 2021;Grünenbaum et al, 2023;Heiss & Michael, 2014;Robinson et al, 2007Robinson et al, , 2014Zhang et al, 2017) indicated that groundwater flow and transport can be quiet dynamic under more realistic conditions leading to transient redox interfaces (Greskowiak et al, 2023), and with that, presumably a widening of the iron curtain formation zone.…”

Section: Burke Et Al [2013]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing the ‘iron curtain’ formation in the subterranean estuary using sand tank experiments

Grünenbaum,

Volk,

Delwar

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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Section: Burke Et Al [2013]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing the ‘iron curtain’ formation in the subterranean estuary using sand tank experiments

Grünenbaum,

Volk,

Delwar

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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“…With a multi-method approach, Grünenbaum et al (2020b) quantified in-and exfiltration rates in the intertidal zone and showed that infiltration occurs above mean sea level while net exfiltration occurs below, with exchange rates clearly depending on beach topography. With a transient variable density groundwater flow and transport model Greskowiak and Massmann (2021) demonstrate how transient beach morphology and regular storm floods affect subsurface flow and transport pattern (Figure 7). As a whole, the high-energy beach on Spiekeroog has been termed a microbial biogeochemical reactor, which utilizes electron acceptors and organic matter from the marine and terrestrial endmembers (Reckhardt et al, 2015;Beck et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sandy Beach System and Biogeochemical Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BIME results indicated that the effects of hydro-and morpho dynamics on subsurface water flow and transport are potentially high at high-energy beaches (Greskowiak and Massmann, 2021, Figure 7). However, the processes are still not well understood, as are the related consequences on biogeochemical reactions and microbial habitat characteristics of the STE.…”

Section: Beach Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory: A Scientific Infrastructure at the Land-Sea Transition Zone (Southern North Sea)

et al. 2022

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Coastal observatories are key to improve the understanding of processes within the coastal area and their interactions with regional and global environmental changes. The land-sea transition zone is an essential area that allows research on unique scientific questions under anthropogenic and natural influences. Amid the Wadden Sea UNESCO world natural heritage site – the largest tidal flat region worldwide – the barrier island Spiekeroog is an excellent location for an observatory studying land-sea interactions. The integrated Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory (SCO) operated by the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM, University of Oldenburg) is dedicated to interdisciplinary marine and terrestrial ecosystem research. Its position within the tidal area and the multitude of research-field addressed establishes the SCO as a unique coastal observatory with the potential to identify patterns in long-term variability and simultaneously understanding short-term changes. The establishment of the Time-Series Station (TSS) Spiekeroog in a tidal channel west of Spiekeroog back in 2002 laid the foundation of the SCO. Since then, the observatory is expanding continuously and is now representing a valuable asset supporting education, industry, government, and environmental conservation efforts in the area. Summing up the infrastructure and technical components, the importance of the SCO is evident, and individual projects greatly benefit from the collaboration with the partners in and the elements of the SCO. Harmonizing the infrastructure and competences of contributing partners will be a next step to further consolidate the SCO. A challenge poses the maintenance of the SCO based on projects, which is focused on the addition of new facilities, not maintaining, refurbishing, or (if necessary) deconstructing existing infrastructure. Therefore, structural support and funding opportunities not linked to projects but aiming to sustain observational capacities are required.

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“…Michael et al, 2005;Robinson et al, 2006;Robinson et al, 2007a;Robinson et al, 2014). Studies from Spiekeroog beach (Waska et al, 2019;Greskowiak and Massmann, 2021;Grünenbaum et al, 2023), however, recently indicated that this might not hold for high-energy beaches with intensive wave and tidal energy, causing frequent and substantial sediment relocation, permanently changing the beach topography. Extensive geochemical analysis of the shallow beach groundwater in the intertidal zone by Waska et al (2019) revealed high spatial heterogeneity related to a runnel and ridge topography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from a numerical groundwater model accounting for morphodynamics and studying its effect on groundwater flow and transport suggest that for high-energy conditions with variable topographies, the salinity distribution in the STE constantly changes in time and space. SGD is then associated with the topographic lows, causing saltwater-freshwater interfaces to move through the entire STE, leading to rather chaotic flow paths (Greskowiak and Massmann, 2021). Figure 1 visualizes the difference between the classic "stable" (static topography) and "transient" (variable topography) case, whereby the salinity distribution in the latter is a snapshot of the model by Greskowiak and Massmann (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DynaDeep observatory – a unique approach to study high-energy subterranean estuaries

Massmann,

Abarike,

Amoako

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Subterranean estuaries are connective zones between inland aquifers and the open sea where terrestrial freshwater and circulating seawater mix and undergo major biogeochemical changes. They are biogeochemical reactors that modify groundwater chemistry prior to discharge into the sea. We propose that subterranean estuaries of high-energy beaches are particularly dynamic environments, where the effect of the dynamic boundary conditions propagates tens of meters into the subsurface, leading to strong spatio-temporal variability of geochemical conditions. We hypothesize that they form a unique habitat with an adapted microbial community unlike other typically more stable subsurface environments. So far, however, studies concerning subterranean estuaries of high-energy beaches have been rare and therefore their functioning, and their importance for coastal ecosystems, as well as for carbon, nutrient and trace element cycling, is little understood. We are addressing this knowledge gap within the interdisciplinary research project DynaDeep by studying the combined effect of surface (hydro- and morphodynamics) on subsurface processes (groundwater flow and transport, biogeochemical reactions, microbiology). A unique subterranean estuary observatory was established on the northern beach of the island of Spiekeroog facing the North Sea, serving as an exemplary high-energy research site and model system. It consists of fixed and permanent infrastructure such as a pole with measuring devices, multi-level groundwater wells and an electrode chain. This forms the base for autonomous measurements, regular repeated sampling, interdisciplinary field campaigns and experimental work, all of which are integrated via mathematical modelling to understand and quantify the functioning of the biogeochemical reactor. First results show that the DynaDeep observatory is collecting the intended spatially and temporally resolved morphological, sedimentological and biogeochemical data. Samples and data are further processed ex-situ and combined with experiments and modelling. Ultimately, DynaDeep aims at elucidating the global relevance of these common but overlooked environments.

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The impact of morphodynamics and storm floods on pore water flow and transport in the subterranean estuary

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Visualizing the ‘iron curtain’ formation in the subterranean estuary using sand tank experiments

Visualizing the ‘iron curtain’ formation in the subterranean estuary using sand tank experiments

The Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory: A Scientific Infrastructure at the Land-Sea Transition Zone (Southern North Sea)

The DynaDeep observatory – a unique approach to study high-energy subterranean estuaries

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