The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review

Zhang, Jiaxin; Yu, Jialu; Dou, Jinge; Hu, Pingyue; Guo, Qiang

doi:10.3389/froh.2021.751099

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Smoking enhances the pathogenicity of periodontopathogens, especially the red complex microorganisms, by promoting their colonization and infection and regulating the expression and function of multiple virulence factors. Furthermore, smoking hurts periodontal microecological homeostasis, which is reflected in the decrease of commensal bacteria and the increase of periodontopathogens, as well as the changes in the interaction between periodontopathogens and their commensal microbes in subgingival biofilm, thus influencing the pathogenicity of the subgingival plaque [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Gum Bleeding in Indonesian Population: Results of a National Study in 2018

Andayasari¹,

Mubasyiroh²,

Nurlinawati³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)

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Smoking is a risk factor for pathologic diseases both locally in the oral cavity and systemic diseases. Smoking tobacco has been associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. The National Basic Health Research, RISKESDAS 2018 conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, shows a high prevalence (74.1%) of periodontitis in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the Indonesian population's association between tobacco smoking and gum bleeding. This is a cross-sectional data analysis using secondary data collected from RISKESDAS 2018. The study population included 34326 Indonesians from 26 provinces aged 15 years and older who underwent dental examinations and dental support tissues. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to measure periodontal status as the dependent variable. The independent variables were smoking status and level of exposure to cigarettes based on the Brinkman index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between smoking status and smoking rate with gum bleeding. The results showed that 70.7% of the population experienced gum bleeding, with a slightly higher rate in women (71.4%) than in men (69.6%). Smoking behavior is 24.0% of current smokers and 5.2% of former smokers. The level of smoking consumption >=400 is 27.6%. Multivariate results showed that current smoking status affected gum bleeding in general respondents (aOR = 1.173; 95%CI = 1.084-1.269; p < 0.001), especially in the male group (aOR = 1.230; 95%CI = 1.127-1.342); p < 0.001). Heavy smoking affected gum bleeding in men (aOR = 1.143; 95%CI = 1.049-1.247; p = 0.002) and women (aOR = 0.795; 95%CI = 0.668-0.947; p = 0.010). This study shows that smoking is associated with gum bleeding in the Indonesian population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Gum Bleeding in Indonesian Population: Results of a National Study in 2018

Andayasari¹,

Mubasyiroh²,

Nurlinawati³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)

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“…Im Vergleich zu Nichtrauchern weisen Raucher ein 90 % höheres Risiko auf. Des Weiteren treten aggressive Verläufe der Parodontitis bei Rauchern häufiger auf als bei Nichtrauchern [ 12 ].…”

Section: Auswirkungen Des Rauchens Auf Den Gastrointestinaltraktunclassified

Einfluss des Rauchens auf den Gastrointestinaltrakt

2022

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Nikotin ist ein hochwirksames Suchtgift, das bei regelmäßiger Einnahme chronische oder unheilbare Erkrankungen und somit eine eingeschränkte Lebensqualität zur Folge haben kann. Fragestellung Das Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit besteht darin, mögliche gesundheitliche Folgen des Rauchens auf den Gastrointestinaltrakt aufzuzeigen und einen Überblick über raucherassoziierte neoplastische und nichtneoplastische gastrointestinale Erkrankungen zu geben. Material und Methode Anhand einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Wissensstand zu raucherassoziierten Folgen auf den Gastrointestinaltrakt dargestellt. Ergebnisse Rauchen ist ein wesentlicher Risikofaktor für die Entstehung neoplastischer und nichtneoplastischer Erkrankungen des gesamten Gastrointestinaltrakts. Diese weisen in der radiologischen Bildgebung allerdings keine spezifischen, raucherassoziierten Merkmale auf. Schlussfolgerung Die Kenntnis einer Raucheranamnese sowie möglicher Auswirkungen von Nikotin auf den Gastrointestinaltrakt können in der radiologischen Bildinterpretation hilfreich sein sowie die diagnostische Entscheidungsfähigkeit und Genauigkeit verbessern.

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“…Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, studies have shown that inflammation is the driving force behind neutrophil-mediated tissue degradation and alveolar bone loss in P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis [ 18 ]. Smoking increases the susceptibility of patients to infection of periodontopathogens and accelerates the progression of periodontitis via accelerating the destruction of periodontal supporting tissues, which increases the severity of periodontitis [ 19 ]. Pro-inflammatory T cell–derived cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α and IL-17 A exacerbate hypertensive responses mediating both endothelial dysfunction and cardiac injury [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of periodontal disease and oral health with hypertension, NHANES 2009–2018

et al. 2023

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Background Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to explore the interaction of oral health and smoking on hypertension, and periodontal disease and smoking on hypertension. Methods We included 21,800 participants aged ≧ 30 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2018. Information of oral health and periodontal disease were self-reported. Blood pressure was taken by trained personnel and/or physicians at mobile testing center. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between oral health, periodontal disease and the prevalence of hypertension. The effects of oral health and periodontal disease on hypertension under smoking status and age were analyzed by stratified and interaction analysis. Results A total of 21,800 participants were investigated, including 11,017 (50.54%) in hypertensive group and 10,783 (49.46%) in non-hypertensive group. Compared with the excellent/very good of oral health, the multivariable-adjusted OR of good, fair, and poor were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02–1.27), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.15–1.47), and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.22–1.79) (p for trend < 0.001) for hypertension, respectively. Compared without periodontal disease group, the multivariable-adjusted OR of periodontal disease for hypertension was 1.21 (95% CI ,1.09–1.35) (p for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, we found the interactions between periodontal disease and smoking, oral health and smoking, periodontal disease and age, oral health and age were p < 0.001. Conclusions An association between oral health and periodontal disease with the prevalence of hypertension was identified. There exists interactive effect of periodontal disease and smoking, oral health and smoking, periodontal disease and age, oral health and age on hypertension in American population over 30 years of age and older.

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The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 78 publications

Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Gum Bleeding in Indonesian Population: Results of a National Study in 2018

Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Gum Bleeding in Indonesian Population: Results of a National Study in 2018

Einfluss des Rauchens auf den Gastrointestinaltrakt

The association of periodontal disease and oral health with hypertension, NHANES 2009–2018

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