The Impact of the Pollution of the Aquatic Environment of Marine Fisheries on the Fish Production of Saudi Arabia

Estimating costs of environmental degradation resulting from not fully reusing treated wastewater

“…The indirect costs of environmental degradation resulting from not fully reusing treated wastewater were estimated on the basis of the negative impacts of environmental pollution of marine fisheries (in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf). Ghanem & Al‐Nafissa (2019) showed that increasing the amount of sewage waste by 10% leads to a decrease in fish production from marine fisheries by 20.9%. Among the manifestations of environmental pollution of marine fisheries is a decrease in the proportion of fish stocks within the biologically sustainable level from 87% in 2013 to 48% in 2018 (Table 5).…”

“…The indirect costs of environmental degradation resulting from not fully reusing treated wastewater were estimated on the basis of the negative impacts of environmental pollution of marine fisheries (in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf). Ghanem & Al-Nafissa (2019) showed that increasing the amount of sewage waste by 10% leads to a decrease in fish production from marine fisheries by 20.9%.…”

Effects of pollution on marine organisms

“…Burns, Armstrong, Tang, Sakamoto, and Lowe (2019) investigated the residency times of four species of demersal fish (Citharichthys sordidus, Pleuronichthys verticalis, Parophrys vetulus, Sebastes miniatus) at two sites (near a wastewater outfall and at a reference site) in southern California over 1 year to collect fish behavioral information that can support interpretation of tissue contaminant levels relative to inter-and intra-specific differences in space use and habitat association; the authors found that only S. miniatus spent more than 10% of the study duration at the outfall site (nearly 40% of the study duration) and may be the most susceptible of the species considered to wastewater effluent effects. Using ordinary least squares analysis and publicly reported data, Ghanem and Alnafissa (2019) reported a relationship between increased untreated wastewater waste in Saudi Arabia and decreased production of marine fisheries. Llanos, Becherucci, Garaffo, and Vallarino (2019) found that during both spring and autumn experiments the nonnative tube-dwelling spionid polychaete, Boccardia proboscidea, dominated early succession in experimental settlement plots near a wastewater outfall on the north coast of Mar del Plata city, Buenos Aires, Argentina, over the native bed-forming mussel, Brachidontes rodriguezii, though high energy storms substantially removed the polychaete tubes, allowing the mussels to become more dominant.…”

“…Burns, Armstrong, Tang, Sakamoto, and Lowe (2019) investigated the residency times of four species of demersal fish ( Citharichthys sordidus , Pleuronichthys verticalis , Parophrys vetulus , Sebastes miniatus ) at two sites (near a wastewater outfall and at a reference site) in southern California over 1 year to collect fish behavioral information that can support interpretation of tissue contaminant levels relative to inter‐ and intra‐specific differences in space use and habitat association; the authors found that only S. miniatus spent more than 10% of the study duration at the outfall site (nearly 40% of the study duration) and may be the most susceptible of the species considered to wastewater effluent effects. Using ordinary least squares analysis and publicly reported data, Ghanem and Alnafissa (2019) reported a relationship between increased untreated wastewater waste in Saudi Arabia and decreased production of marine fisheries.…”