The Importance of Establishing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas in Lombok Strait: Maritime Security Perspective

Abstract

Shipping activities in the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane II (IASL II) of the Lombok Strait will likely to increase in the future and expose the areas maritime threats like sea damage and pollution. To preserve maritime security from any adverse effects caused by shipping activities, the Indonesian Government has designated these areas as Marine Protective Areas (MPAs). However, such areas still has to recognition as protected areas. The Indonesian Government has issued an internal policy demonstrating intent to establish the Lombok Strait as Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA), which has been discussed since 2008 but has not yet officially submitted to the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This research aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PSSA enactment in Lombok Strait. The research employs qualitative methods with Soft System Methodology as the data analysis technique in attempt to analyze PSSA enactment, which is characterized as a complex and ill-defined problem. NVivo 12 Plus software is employed in this research to assist in data processing and triangulation. The research results showed that Lombok Strait’s enactment as PSSA could provide several advantages, especially in preserving maritime safety and protection of the environment.

Establishment of Lombok Strait Traffic Separation Scheme and Its Impacts on Maritime Security

“…The average annual voyage in the strait amounts to 29,841 trips, which is about 82 ships per day. From the number, the percentages are 34.17 percent fast boats, 29.28 percent ferries, 10.31 percent merchant vessels, 9.81 percent fishing vessels, 5.4 percent passenger ships, while other types of vessels (i.e., tourist ships, offshore support ships, and military ships) accounted for about 13.27 percent (Octavian, Trismadi, & Lestari, 2020). For foreign ships that pass through this strait, every day there are 52 ships so that in a month the average reaches around 1,400 ships (Fadli et al, 2021).…”

Automatic identification system-based trajectory clustering framework to identify vessel movement pattern

“…By combining those algorithms into a framework proposed in this study, we can perform trajectory clustering with a good quality and speed from a collection of vessel trajectories based on complex and diverse AIS data, so that the cluster results can be used as a basis for anomaly detection, trajectory prediction, and vessel trajectory planning. This study uses AIS data in the waters of the Lombok Strait which has the third highest shipping traffic density in Indonesia [27]. The firts stage of the proposed framework are the cleaning of data and the translation of the AIS coordinate data rows into trajectory data.…”